UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C.  20549

FORM 10-K

(Mark One)

For the fiscal year ended February 28, 2022

or

Commission file number 0-28839

VOXX INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

(800) 645-7750

(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.

Yes   ☐       No   ☒

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.

Yes   ☐       No   ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes   ☒       No   ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

Yes   ☒       No   ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See definition of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (check one):

Large accelerated filer ☐   Accelerated filer ☒   Non-accelerated filer ☐   Smaller reporting company ☐   Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal controls over financial reporting under section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in rule 12b-2 of the Act).

Yes   ☐       No   ☒

The aggregate market value of the common stock held by non-affiliates of the Registrant was $148,099,490 (based upon closing price on the Nasdaq Stock Market on August 31, 2021).

The number of shares outstanding of each of the registrant's classes of common stock, as of May 12, 2022 was:

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Part III -  (Items 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14) Proxy Statement for Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed on or before June 7, 2022.

VOXX INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION

Index to Form 10-K

Table of Contents

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CAUTIONARY STATEMENT RELATING TO THE SAFE HARBOR PROVISIONS OF THE PRIVATE SECURITIES LITIGATION REFORM ACT OF 1995

This Annual Report on Form 10-K, including "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" in Item 7, and the information incorporated by reference contains "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.  We intend those forward-looking statements to be covered by the safe harbor provisions for forward-looking statements. All statements regarding our expected financial position and operating results, our business strategy, our financing plans, and the outcome of any contingencies are forward-looking statements. Any such forward-looking statements are based on current expectations, estimates, projections about our industry and our business, and the impact of the novel coronavirus (“COVID-19”) pandemic on our results of operations. Words such as "anticipates," "expects," "intends," "plans," "believes," "seeks," "estimates," "should," "would," or variations of those words and similar expressions are intended to identify such forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those stated in or implied by any forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, matters listed in Item 1A under "Risk Factors" of this Form 10-K.  Many of the foregoing risks and uncertainties are, and will be, exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic and any worsening of the global business and economic environment as a result thereof. The Company assumes no obligation and does not intend to update these forward-looking statements.

NOTE REGARDING DOLLAR AMOUNTS AND FISCAL YEAR

In this Annual Report, all dollar amounts are expressed in thousands, except for share prices and per-share amounts. Unless specifically indicated otherwise, all amounts and percentages in our Form 10-K are exclusive of discontinued operations.

The Company’s fiscal year ends on the last day of February.

COVID-19 PANDEMIC

The consolidated financial statements contained in this Annual Report, as well as the description of our business contained herein, unless otherwise indicated, principally reflect the status of our business and the results of our operations as of and for the year ended February 28, 2022. While COVID-19 did not have a significant adverse impact on demand for our products for the year ended February 28, 2022, we did experience pandemic-related pressures in the global supply network that caused logistical issues, including higher freight costs, supplier product delays, and inflation with respect to materials and labor costs, which impacted our results for the year ended February 28, 2022. As countries around the world continue to combat COVID-19, and as government-imposed regulations regarding, among other things, COVID-19 testing, travel restrictions, and vaccine mandates change, there is still a risk that the pandemic may impact the overall demand environment, as well as our ability to source product and materials to meet demand levels and maintain adequate inventory levels, as well as maintain staffing levels at our own facilities in order to fulfill our customer orders and contractual obligations. We will continue to closely monitor updates regarding the spread of COVID-19 and its variants, the distribution of vaccines, and any applicable local, state, and federal government-imposed restrictions, and we will adjust our operations accordingly. In light of the foregoing, we may take actions to alter our business operations or such actions that we determine are in the best interest of our employees, customers, suppliers, and shareholders. In reading this report on Form 10-K, consider the additional uncertainties caused by COVID-19.

Item 1-Business

VOXX International Corporation ("Voxx," "We," "Our," "Us," or the "Company") is a leading international manufacturer and distributor in the Automotive Electronics, Consumer Electronics, and Biometrics industries. The Company has widely diversified interests, with more than 30 global brands that it has acquired and grown throughout the years, achieving a powerful international corporate image, and creating a vehicle for each of these respective brands to emerge with its own identity. We conduct our business through nineteen wholly-owned subsidiaries: Audiovox Atlanta Corp., VOXX Electronics Corporation, VOXX Accessories Corp., VOXX German Holdings GmbH ("Voxx Germany"), Audiovox Canada Limited, Voxx Hong Kong Ltd., Audiovox International Corp., Audiovox Mexico, S. de R.L. de C.V. ("Voxx Mexico"), Code Systems, Inc., Oehlbach Kabel GmbH ("Oehlbach"), Schwaiger GmbH ("Schwaiger"), Invision Automotive Systems, Inc. ("Invision"), Premium Audio

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Company LLC ("PAC," which includes Klipsch Group, Inc. and 11 Trading Company LLC), Omega Research and Development LLC ("Omega"), Voxx Automotive Corp., Audiovox Websales LLC, VSM-Rostra LLC (“VSM”), VOXX DEI LLC, and VOXX DEI Canada LLC (collectively, with VOXX DEI LLC, “DEI”), as well as majority owned subsidiaries, EyeLock LLC ("EyeLock") and Onkyo Technology KK (“Onkyo”). We market our products under the Audiovox® brand name and other brand names and licensed brands, such as 808®, Acoustic Research®, Advent®, Avital®, Car Link®, Chapman®, Clifford®, Code-Alarm®, Crimestopper™, Directed®, Discwasher®, Energy®, Heco®, Integra®, Invision®, Jamo®, Klipsch®, Mac Audio™, Magnat®, Mirage®, myris®, Oehlbach®, Omega®, Onkyo®, Pioneer®, Prestige®, Project Nursery®, Python®, RCA®, RCA Accessories, Rosen®, Rostra®, Schwaiger®, Smart Start®, Terk®, Vehicle Safety Automotive, Viper®, and Voxx Automotive as well as private labels through a large domestic and international distribution network.  We also function as an OEM ("Original Equipment Manufacturer") supplier to several customers, as well as market a number of products under exclusive distribution agreements, such as SiriusXM satellite radio products.

VOXX International Corporation was incorporated in Delaware on April 10, 1987 under its former name, Audiovox Corp., as successor to a business founded in 1960 by John J. Shalam, our Chairman and controlling stockholder. Our extensive distribution network and long-standing industry relationships have allowed us to benefit from growing market opportunities and emerging niches in the electronics business.

The Company classifies its operations in the following three reportable segments: Automotive Electronics, Consumer Electronics, and Biometrics. The Automotive Electronics segment designs, manufactures, distributes, and markets rear-seat entertainment devices, automotive security products and devices, remote start systems, mobile multimedia devices, car-link smartphone telematics applications, driver distraction products, collision avoidance systems, location-based services, turn signal switches, automotive lighting products, obstacle sensing systems, cruise control systems, camera systems, USB ports, heated seats, and satellite radio products. The Consumer Electronics segment designs, manufactures, distributes and markets home theater systems, high-end loudspeakers, outdoor speakers, business music systems, cinema speakers, flat panel speakers, wireless and Bluetooth speakers, soundbars, wired and wireless headphones and earbuds, receivers, DLNA (Digital Living Network Alliance) compatible devices, remote controls, karaoke products, personal sound amplifiers, infant and nursery products, as well as A/V connectivity, portable/home charging, reception and digital consumer products. The Biometrics segment designs, markets and distributes iris identification and biometric security related products. See Note 13 to the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements for segment and geographic area information.

We make available financial information, news releases and other information on our web site at www.voxxintl.com. There is a direct link from the web site to the Company’s Securities and Exchange Commission's ("SEC") filings, where our annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and any amendments to these reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 are available free of charge as soon as reasonably practicable after we file such reports and amendments with, or furnish them to, the SEC. In addition, we have adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics which is available free of charge upon request. Any such request should be directed to the attention of the Company's Human Resources Department, 180 Marcus Boulevard, Hauppauge, New York 11788, (631) 231-7750.

The Company is monitoring the impacts COVID-19 has had, and continues to have, on its global supply chain, including the global chip shortage, and disruptions of product deliveries. The Company sources the majority of its merchandise outside the U.S. through arrangements with vendors primarily located in several Pacific Rim countries. The Company has been collaborating with its vendors to mitigate significant delays in delivery of product, as certain factories and ports have been required to close or limit capacity for periods of time during the pandemic due either to COVID-19 infection, or supply chain shortages.

The Company entered this period of uncertainty with a healthy liquidity position and took immediate, aggressive, and prudent actions, including reevaluating all expenditures, to enhance the Company’s ability to meet the Company’s short-term liquidity needs in order to best position its business for its key stakeholders, including the Company’s employees, customers, and shareholders. The Company has utilized all of its supply chain financing arrangements to factor its accounts receivable balances, as necessary, which it had previously scaled back prior to the pandemic. The Company also renewed its credit facility with Wells Fargo in April 2021, and continues to partner with its vendors, landlords, and lenders to preserve liquidity and mitigate risk and has worked with its service providers to further reduce costs by negotiating lower rates. In addition, the Company has been actively monitoring and assessing the rapidly changing government policies and economic stimulus responses to COVID-19.

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The Company has seen reductions in sales of certain products as a result of the effects of COVID-19. These reductions in revenue were not consistently offset by proportional decreases in expense, as the Company continues to incur overhead costs including depreciation expense, and certain other costs such as compensation and administrative expenses, resulting in a negative effect on the relationship between the Company’s costs and revenues.

In addition, the Company could still experience other material impacts as a result of COVID-19, including, but not limited to, charges from potential adjustments of the carrying value of inventory, additional asset impairment charges, and deferred tax valuation allowances.

Though the current circumstances are dynamic and the impacts of COVD-19 on the Company’s business operations, including the duration and impact on overall customer demand, cannot be reasonably estimated at this time, the Company anticipates COVID-19 may continue to have an impact on its business, results of operations, financial condition, and cash flows in Fiscal 2023.

For further information about COVID-19, refer to  “Item 1A. Risk Factors” and “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations," of this Form 10-K.

Acquisitions and Dispositions

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a widespread health crisis that has adversely affected the economies and financial markets worldwide, and potential target companies or potential buyers may defer or end discussions for a potential acquisition or disposition with us depending on whether or not COVID-19 affects their business operations. The extent to which COVID-19 impacts our search for a business combination or a potential buyer for a business disposition will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted, including new information which may emerge concerning the severity of COVID-19 and the actions to contain COVID-19 or treat its impact, among others. We may be unable to complete a business combination or a disposition if continued concerns relating to COVID-19 restrict travel, limit the ability to have meetings with potential investors, or if a target company’s personnel, vendors, and service providers are unavailable to negotiate and consummate a transaction in a timely manner.

Our most recent acquisition and disposition transactions are discussed below:

On September 8, 2021, PAC acquired the home audio/video business of Onkyo Home Entertainment Corporation (“OHEC”) with its partner, Sharp Corporation (“Sharp”), through a newly formed joint venture, Onkyo Technology KK (“Onkyo”) via an asset purchase agreement. The acquired assets included intangible assets. PAC owns 77.2% of the joint venture and has 85.1% voting interest and Sharp owns approximately 22.8% of the joint venture and has 14.9% voting interest. The total transaction consideration was $37,184, which included cash paid, assignment of notes and interest receivable, and the fair value of contingent consideration. The purpose of this acquisition was to expand the Company’s market share and product offerings within the premium audio industry. Details of the tangible and intangible assets acquired are outlined in Note 2 "Business Acquisitions" of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

On July 1, 2020, Voxx acquired certain assets and assumed certain liabilities, comprising the aftermarket vehicle remote start and security systems and connected car solutions (telematics) businesses of Directed LLC and Directed Electronics Canada Inc. (collectively, with Directed LLC, “Directed”) via an asset purchase agreement. The acquired assets included inventory, accounts receivable, certain fixed assets, IT systems, and intellectual property. The cash purchase price was $11,000. The purpose of this acquisition was to expand the Company’s market share within the automotive electronics industry. Details of the tangible and intangible assets acquired are outlined in Note 2 "Business Acquisitions" of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

On January 31, 2020, Voxx acquired certain assets and assumed certain liabilities of Vehicle Safety Holding Corp. (“VSHC”), a leading developer, manufacturer, and distributer of automotive safety electronics, for a cash purchase price of $16,500. The purpose of this acquisition was to increase the Company’s market share in the automotive industry, including trucks and sports vehicles, as well as strengthen its business and customer reach and add new product lines. Details of the tangible and intangible assets acquired are outlined in Note 2 "Business Acquisitions" of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

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On April 18, 2017, Voxx acquired certain assets and assumed certain liabilities of Rosen Electronics LLC for cash consideration of $1,814. In addition, the Company agreed to pay a 2% fee related to future net sales of Rosen products for three years. The purpose of this acquisition was to increase the Company's market share and strengthen its intellectual property related to the rear seat entertainment market.

On August 31, 2017 (the "Closing Date"), the Company completed its sale of Hirschmann Car Communication GmbH and its subsidiaries (collectively, “Hirschmann”) to a subsidiary of TE Connectivity Ltd ("TE"). The consideration received by the Company was €148,500. The purchase price, at the exchange rate as of the close of business on the Closing Date approximated $177,000.

Strategy

Our objective is to grow our business both organically and through strategic acquisitions.  We anticipate we will drive the business organically by continued product development in new and emerging technologies that should increase gross margins and improve operating income. We are focused on expanding sales both domestically and internationally and broadening our customer and partner base as we bring new products to our target markets.  In addition, we plan to continue to acquire synergistic companies that would allow us to leverage our overhead, penetrate new markets, and expand existing product categories. Notwithstanding the above, if the appropriate opportunity arises, the Company will explore the potential divestiture of a product line or business.

Subject to our ongoing evaluation of the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on our business (as further described elsewhere in this report), the key elements of our strategy are as follows:

Continue to build and capitalize on the VOXX family of brands.  We believe the "VOXX" portfolio of brands is one of our greatest strengths and offers us significant opportunity for increased market penetration.  Today, VOXX International has over 30 global brands in its portfolio, which provides the Company with the ability to bring to market products under brands that consumers know to be quality.  In addition, with such a wide brand portfolio, we can manage channels and sell into multiple outlets as well as leverage relationships with distributors, retailers, aftermarket car dealers and expeditors, and global OEMs.  Finally, we are open to opportunities to license some of our brands as an additional use of the brands and as a growth strategy.

Continue to maintain diversified, blue chip customer base. Voxx distributes products through a wide range of specialty and mass merchandise channels and has arrangements as a tier-1 and tier-2 auto OEM supplier. OEM products account for 10% of total net sales.

Capitalize on niche product and distribution opportunities in our target markets.  Throughout our history, we have used our extensive distribution and supply networks to capitalize on niche product and distribution opportunities in the automotive electronics, consumer electronics, and biometrics categories. We will continue that focus as we remain committed to innovation, developing products internally and through our outsourced technology and manufacturing partners to provide our customers with products that are in demand by consumers.

Combine new, internal manufacturing capabilities with our proven outsourced manufacturing with industry partners.  VOXX International employs an outsourced manufacturing strategy that enables the Company to deliver the latest technological advances without the fixed costs associated with manufacturing, and also has manufacturing capabilities to produce select product lines, such as rear-seat entertainment systems, security related products, and high-end speakers. This blend of internal and outsourced manufacturing enables the Company to drive innovation, control product quality and speed time-to-market.

Use innovative technology generation capabilities to enable us to build a robust pipeline of new products. Voxx has invested significantly in R&D. The Company uses a mix of internal and external R&D, internal and external manufacturing, and has a number of valuable trademarks, copyrights, patents, domain names and other intellectual property. Through Voxx's focus on R&D, the Company has built a pipeline of new products across all three of its segments.

Leverage our domestic and international distribution network.  VOXX International Corporation has a highly expansive distribution network. This network, which includes OEM's, car dealers, automotive manufacturers, various types of retailers and chain stores, mass merchandisers, distributors, e-commerce platforms, system integrators, communication network providers, smart grid manufacturers, banks, cinema operators, healthcare equipment manufacturers, and the U.S. military, should allow us to increase our market penetration.  We intend to

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capitalize on new and existing distribution outlets to further grow our business across our three operating segments, both domestically and abroad.

Grow our international presence.  We have an international presence through our local subsidiaries in Europe, as well as operations in Canada, Australia, and China.  We also continue to export from our domestic operations in the United States. Our strategy remains to diversify our geographic exposure, while expanding our product offerings and distribution touch points across the world.

Pursue strategic and complementary acquisitions.  We continue to monitor economic and industry conditions in order to evaluate potential strategic and synergistic business acquisitions that are expected to allow us to leverage overhead, penetrate new markets and expand our existing business distribution. Over the past several years, the Company has employed an M&A strategy to build its brand portfolio and enhance its product offerings in higher margin product categories, while at the same time exiting lower margin and commoditized product lines, resulting in improved bottom-line performance. The Company is focused on continuing to grow organically, but may pursue opportunistic acquisitions to augment our Automotive Electronic (primarily with OEM accounts), Consumer Electronic, and Biometric segments.

Maintain disciplined acquisition criteria. Virtually all of our acquisitions have been made to strengthen our product offerings, customer reach, and growth potential across our operating business segments. Our strategy remains to acquire complimentary businesses, products and/or assets in our Automotive Electronic, Consumer Electronic, and Biometric operating segments. Additionally, acquisitions should have a gross margin structure equal to or higher than our consolidated gross margins, and we will continue to look for acquisitions where we can leverage our corporate overhead and resources. Furthermore, it is important that management remains with Voxx as part of the acquisition, as their legacy expertise and knowledge of both the inner workings of their respective companies and the end-markets they serve are paramount to successfully running operations and achieving growth. We also pursue acquisitions that will be accretive for the Company and its shareholders in the first year such acquisitions are made.

Rapidly integrate acquired businesses. One of the more compelling factors as to why acquired businesses choose VOXX International Corporation is that we are perceived as both a financial and strategic partner. We are operators, and companies view their association with us as a positive for the future of their businesses in that we can provide resources and support that others in our sector, or in the Private Equity community, cannot. Our strategy upon acquisition, and in the years that follow, is to leverage our corporate strengths and integrate acquisitions into our operations. We provide accounting, MIS, warehouse, and logistics support, as well as a host of value-added services that enable acquired companies to lower their cost basis and improve profitability. In recent years, we have consolidated facilities in our German operations and in Indiana, where we brought our RCA® and Klipsch operating groups together. We have also fully integrated our Rosen, VSM, and DEI acquisitions into our Florida operations.

Improve bottom-line performance and generate sustainable shareholder returns.  The Company has instituted an aggressive strategy in recent years to shift its product mix to higher-margin product categories, while controlling costs and strategically investing in its infrastructure. Additionally, during Fiscal 2019, the Company began a comprehensive SKU rationalization program to discontinue certain product lines and streamline the Company’s consumer electronic product lines to focus on offerings with longer life cycles, more sustainable gross margins, and better growth potential. The Company remains focused on growing its business organically, continuing to enhance its gross profit margins and leveraging its fixed overhead structure to generate sustainable returns for its stockholders.

Industry

We participate in select product categories in the automotive, consumer, and biometric markets within the electronics industry. These markets are large and diverse, encompass a broad range of products and offer the ability to specialize in niche product groups. The introduction of new products and technological advancements are the major growth drivers in these markets.  Based on this, we continue to introduce new products across all segments, with an increased focus on niche product offerings.

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Products

The Company currently reports sales data for the following three operating segments:

Automotive Electronic products include:

Consumer Electronic products include:

Biometric products include:

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We believe our segments have expanding market opportunities with certain levels of volatility related to domestic and international markets, new car sales, increased competition by manufacturers, private labels, technological advancements, discretionary consumer spending and general economic conditions.  Further, all of our products are subject to price fluctuations, which could affect the carrying value of inventories and gross margins in the future.

Within the industry our Biometrics segment operates in, technology is developing rapidly. The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a greater interest for safe and touchless biometric systems. Widely used face readers are now being rendered ineffective by the use of facemasks and other protective facial gear, and fingerprint and palm reader secure access devices are now seen as infectious public surfaces. Iris biometric algorithms read the unique texture in the colored part of the eye, creating a unique identification for access, similar to that of a fingerprint or the geometric pattern of a face. This iris-based key, however, has the benefit of not only being touchless, but is also not hindered by the obstacles encountered by face recognition devices, such as facemasks or other devices that hide facial features. Iris biometrics can operate successfully without touching or mask removal, even through protective gear such as hazmat suits, if a person’s eyes are visible.

Net sales by segment, gross profit and total assets are as follows (Refer to Item 7 and Note 13 to the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information):

Patents, Trademarks/Tradenames, Licensing and Royalties

The Company regards its trademarks, copyrights, patents, domain names, and similar intellectual property as important to its operations. It relies on trademark, copyright and patent law, domain name regulations, and confidentiality or license agreements to protect its proprietary rights. The Company has registered, or applied for the registration of, a number of patents, trademarks, domain names and copyrights with U.S. and foreign governmental authorities. Additionally, the Company has filed U.S. and international patent applications covering certain of its proprietary technology. The Company renews its registrations, which vary in duration, as it deems appropriate from time to time.

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The Company has licensed in the past, and expects that it may license in the future, certain of its proprietary rights to third parties. Some of the Company's products are designed to include intellectual property licensed, or otherwise obtained from third parties. While it may be necessary in the future to seek or renew licenses relating to various aspects of the Company's products, the Company believes, based upon past experience and industry practice, such licenses generally could be obtained on commercially reasonable terms; however, there is no guarantee such licenses could be obtained at all. We intend to operate in a way that does not result in willful infringement of the patents, trade secrets and other intellectual property rights of other parties. Nevertheless, there can be no assurance that a claim of infringement will not be asserted against us or that any such assertion will not result in a judgment or order requiring us to obtain a license in order to make, use, or sell our products.

License and royalty programs offered to our manufacturers, customers and other electronic suppliers are structured using a fixed amount per unit or a percentage of net sales, depending on the terms of the agreement. Current license and royalty agreements have duration periods which range from 1 to 17 years or continue in perpetuity. Certain agreements may be renewed at termination of the agreement. The Company's license and royalty income is recorded upon sale and amounted to $1,716, $1,285 and $1,224 for the years ended February 28, 2022, February 28, 2021 and February 29, 2020, respectively.

Distribution and Marketing

We sell our products to:

Our business is diversified within our segments across end-markets, customers, and products. We sell our automotive electronic products to both OEM and aftermarket customers. We sell our products under OEM arrangements with domestic and/or international subsidiaries of automobile manufacturers such as Ford, Stellantis, General Motors, Toyota, Kia, Mazda, Subaru, Nissan, Mack Truck, Polaris, Bendix Commercial, Daimler Trucks North America, Textron Finance Shared Service, Wesco Distribution, ZF North America Autocar, Dieter’s Metal Fabricating, Grote Industries, International Truck (PDC), P.A.I. Products and Ryco Motorsport. These arrangements require a close partnership with the customer as we develop products to meet specific requirements.  OEM products accounted for approximately 10% of net sales for the year ended February 28, 2022, 8% for the year ended February 28, 2021, and 13% for the year ended February 29, 2020. Our consumer electronic and biometric products are sold through both retail and commercial channels.

Our five largest customers represented 21% of net sales for the year ended February 28, 2022, 30% for the year ended February 28, 2021, and 24% for the year ended February 29, 2020. No one customer accounted for more than 10% of the Company's net sales for the years ended February 28, 2022 or February 29, 2020. One customer in the Company’s Consumer Electronics segment accounted for 12% of the Company’s consolidated net sales during the year ended February 28, 2021. Geographically, approximately 79.6% of our revenues were derived from our domestic operations within the United States, while approximately 15.3% was derived from our operations in Europe, and less than 5.1% was derived from other regions.

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We have flexible shipping policies designed to meet customer needs. In the absence of specific customer instructions, we generally ship products within 24 to 48 hours from the receipt of an order from public warehouses, as well as owned and leased facilities throughout the United States, Canada, China, Hong Kong, the Netherlands, and Germany. The Company also employs a direct ship model from our suppliers for select customers upon their request.

Product Development, Warranty and Customer Service

Our product development cycle includes:

Utilizing our company-owned and third-party facilities in North America, Europe, and Asia, we work closely with our suppliers throughout the product design, testing and development process in an effort to meet the expectations of consumer demand for technologically advanced and high-quality products. Our Auburn Hills, Michigan and Orlando, Florida facilities are both IATF 16949:2016 certified, and our Orlando, Florida facility is ISO 14001:2015 and ISO 9001:2008 certified, all of which require the monitoring of quality standards in all facets of business.  The Orlando, Florida facility is also Ford Q1 certified, which is a certification awarded to Ford suppliers who demonstrate excellence beyond the ISO certifications in certain critical areas.

We provide product warranties for all our product lines, which primarily range from 30 days to three years. The Company also provides limited lifetime warranties for certain products, which limit the end-user's remedy to the repair or replacement of the defective product during its lifetime, as well as warranties for certain vehicle security products for the life of the vehicle for the original owner. To support our warranties, we have independent warranty centers in the United States and Europe.  Our customer service group, along with our Company websites, provide product information, answer questions, and serve as a technical hotline for installation help for end-users and customers.

Suppliers

We work directly with our suppliers on industrial design, feature sets, product development, and testing in order to ensure that our products and component parts meet our design specifications.

We purchase our products and component parts from manufacturers principally located in several Pacific Rim countries, including China, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam, South Korea, Taiwan, and Singapore, as well as the United States, Canada, Mexico, and Europe. In selecting our manufacturers, we consider quality, price, service, reputation, financial stability, as well as labor practices, disruptions, or shortages. In order to provide coordination and supervision of supplier performance, such as price negotiations, delivery, and quality control, we maintain buying and inspection offices in China and Hong Kong.  We consider relations with our suppliers to be good and alternative sources of supply are generally available within 180 days.  We have few long-term contracts with our suppliers, and we generally purchase our products under short-term purchase orders.  Although we believe that alternative sources of supply are currently available, an unplanned shift to a new supplier could result in product delays and increased cost, which may have a material impact on our operations.

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Competition

The electronics industry is highly competitive across all product categories, and we compete with a number of well-established companies that manufacture and sell similar products. Brand name, design, advancement of technology and features, as well as price, are the major competitive factors within the electronics industry.  Our Automotive Electronic products compete against factory-supplied products, including those provided by, among others, General Motors, Ford, and Stallantis and large Tier 1's, such as Denso, Panasonic, LG, Continental, Lear, and Bosch. Our Consumer Electronic products compete against major companies such as Polk, Definitive, Bose, Sonos, Sonance, Bowers and Wilkins, Sony, Phillips, Emerson Radio, GE, Belkin, and Private Label Brands. Competitors for our Biometrics products include companies such as IRIS ID, 3M, Suprema, Iritech, Inc., IrisGuard, Crossmatch, NEC, Gemalto, Vision-Box, IDEMIA, BioID, GoVerifyID, BioConnect, and Princeton Identity.

Financial Information about Foreign and Domestic Operations

The amounts of net sales and long-lived assets attributable to foreign and domestic operations for all periods presented are set forth in Note 13 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, included herein.

Equity Investment

We have a 50% non-controlling ownership interest in ASA Electronics, LLC ("ASA") which acts as a distributor of mobile electronics specifically designed for niche markets within the automotive industry, including: RV's; buses; and commercial, heavy duty, agricultural, construction, powersport, and marine vehicles.

Human Capital

VOXX International Corporation believes the Company’s greatest asset is its employees. The Company’s emphasis on the health and safety of its employees is an important factor in maintaining its experienced workforce and attracting new talent. As of February 28, 2022, the Company employed 1,082 people, of which 692 were U.S. based and 390 were internationally based. 44 of our U.S. based employees were covered under collective bargaining agreements.  We consider our relations with employees to be good as of February 28, 2022.

The Company’s U.S. based full-time employees are all eligible to participate in the Company’s health and welfare plans, including health, vision, dental, life, short-term disability insurance plans, long-term disability insurance plans, flexible spending plans and/or health saving plans, pet insurance, critical care plans and identity theft protection plans. Many of these plans are fully paid for by the Company, while others are cost shared between the Company and the employees or are employee-paid at a discounted rate. To encourage our employees to save for the future and their retirement, the Company offers employees a 401(k) retirement plan which has options for traditional pre-tax deferrals, as well as Roth options. The 401(k) plan also includes a discretional Company match which encourages employees to participate and enhances the Company’s commitment to its employees and their families. Internationally based employees also receive health, welfare, and retirement plans that are statutory-based, and in some instances, employees may choose to participate in plans that supplement the statutory benefits and are funded by the employee. To further encourage employees to prioritize their health, the Company sponsors events and benefits such as on-site flu vaccinations, health fairs, mobile preventative screenings, on-site fitness centers at certain Company locations, gym membership reimbursements, weight loss programs, and periodic health and fitness competitions, which are often aligned with fundraising campaigns. The Company encourages all employees to give back to their communities and make a social impact through activities such as hosting on-site blood donation drives, donation drives for causes including cancer and autism, local holiday toy and giving drives, as well as food drives. The Company also participates in matching gift programs for certain charities. Additionally, we provide service awards to employees, which show appreciation and recognition to longstanding employees for certain service milestones.

Early in the COVID-19 pandemic, certain of the Company’s customers delayed or cancelled orders due to both uncertainty in the economy and health concerns. During this time, the Company attempted to keep as many of its employees working as possible by shifting work responsibilities when possible; however, due to the impacts of the pandemic, approximately 20% of our employees worldwide were furloughed in April 2020. The Company also worked closely to accommodate employees’ requests to use the Families First Coronavirus Relief Act and the Family Medical Leave Act. As of February 28, 2022, none of our employees remain on furlough.

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In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, we implemented significant changes that we determined were in the best interest of our employees, as well as the communities in which we operate, and which comply with government regulations. This includes providing our office, support, and non-production staff the ability to work remotely from their homes. For our production staff, or for office and support staff who were unable to work remotely, we implemented several safety measures, including daily temperature checks, mandatory health questionnaire completion, social distancing, plexi-glass partitions between workstations, staggered lunch and break times, hand sanitizing stations throughout all buildings, mask/face coverings, and replaced air filters in all buildings to be complaint with COVID-19 standards.

Item 1A-Risk Factors

We have identified certain risk factors that apply to us. Each of the following risk factors should be carefully considered, as well as all of the other information included or incorporated by reference in this Form 10-K. If any of these risks, or other risks not presently known to us or that we currently believe not to be significant, develop into actual events, then our business, financial condition, liquidity, or results of operations could be adversely affected. If that happens, the market price of our common stock would likely decline, and you may lose all or part of your investment. Many of the foregoing risks and uncertainties are, and will continue to be, exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic and any worsening of the global business and economic environment as a result.

Economic, Strategic and Market Risks

Major public health issues, and specifically, the pandemic caused by the spread of COVID-19, could have an adverse impact on our financial condition and results of operations and other aspects of our business.

The global spread of COVID-19 has created significant macroeconomic uncertainty, volatility, and disruption. In response, many governments have implemented policies intended to stop or slow the further spread of the disease and its variants, such as lockdowns, shelter-in-place, or restricted movement guidelines, and these measures may remain in place for an extended period of time. These policies have resulted in lower consumer and commercial activity across many markets in many geographic areas. Further, a global economic downturn, including increased unemployment, that may result from lower consumer and commercial activity may decrease demand for our products.

The COVID-19 pandemic has adversely impacted the global supply chain, resulting in a global chip shortage, as well as other restrictions and limitations on related activities that have caused significant disruption and delay. These disruptions and delays have strained both domestic and international supply chains, which have affected and could continue to adversely affect the flow or availability of certain products. As a result, the Company has experienced and could continue to experience disruptions and higher costs in supply chain, logistical operations, and manufacturing, as well as shortages of certain products in our distribution channels.

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The spread of COVID-19 has also caused us to modify our business practices (including limiting employee travel, and cancellation of physical participation in meetings and events), and we may continue to take actions as may be required by government authorities or that we determine are in the best interests of our employees, customers, and business partners.  There is no certainty that such measures will be sufficient to mitigate the risks posed by the virus or otherwise be satisfactory to government authorities.

The extent to which the COVID-19 outbreak impacts our business, financial condition, results of operation or cash flows will depend on continuously evolving factors and future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted, including, but not limited to, the ultimate duration and scope of the pandemic; the severity of the virus, including the emergence of new variants, some of which may be more transmissible than the initial strain, the impact of the COVID-19 vaccines, including their effectiveness against the virus and the evolving strains; the actions taken by governments to contain the virus or treat its impact, and how quickly and to what extent normal economic and operating conditions can resume.  Even after the COVID-19 outbreak has subsided, we may continue to experience materially adverse impacts to our business as a result of its global economic impact, including any recession, economic downturn, or increased unemployment that has occurred or may occur in the future. One or more of our customers, distribution partners, service providers or suppliers may also experience financial distress, file for bankruptcy protection, go out of business, or suffer disruptions in their business due to the COVID-19 outbreak, and as a result, our operating revenues may be impacted. The Company could also experience other

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material impacts, including, but not limited to, charges from potential adjustments to the carrying value of inventory, asset impairment charges, and deferred tax valuation charges.

There are no comparable recent events which may provide guidance as to the effect of the spread of COVID-19 and a global pandemic, and, as a result, the ultimate impact of this outbreak, or a similar health epidemic, is highly uncertain and subject to change, and may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.

Our businesses are highly competitive and face significant competition from Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) and direct imports by our retail and commercial customers.

The markets for automotive electronics, consumer electronics, and biometric products are highly competitive across all product lines. We compete against many well-established companies, some of whom have substantially greater financial and engineering resources than we do. We compete directly with OEMs, including divisions of well-known automobile manufacturers, in the auto security, mobile video, and accessories markets. We believe that OEMs have diversified and improved their product offerings and placed increased sales pressure on new car dealers with whom they have close business relationships to purchase OEM-supplied equipment and accessories.  To the extent that OEMs succeed in their efforts, this success would have a material adverse effect on our sales of automotive entertainment and security products to new car dealers.  In addition, we compete with major retailers and commercial distributors within the consumer electronic and biometric industries who may at any time choose to direct import products that we may currently supply.

A severe or prolonged economic downturn could adversely affect our customers’ financial conditions, their levels of business activity, and their ability to pay trade obligations.

The Company sells its products primarily to OEM’s, retailers, and to domestic and foreign distributors. The Company generally requires no collateral from its customers or cash payments in advance and credit is generally granted on a short-term basis. However, a severe or prolonged downturn in the general economy could adversely affect the retail market, which in turn would adversely impact the liquidity and cash flows of the Company’s customers, including the ability of such customers to obtain credit to finance purchases of the Company’s products and to pay their trade obligations. This could result in increased delinquent or uncollectible accounts for some of the Company’s customers. A failure by the Company’s customers to pay a significant portion of outstanding accounts receivable balances on a timely basis would adversely impact the Company’s business, sales, financial condition, and results of operations. We provide estimates for uncollectible accounts based primarily on our judgment using historical losses, current economic conditions, and individual evaluations of each customer as evidence supporting the collectability of the receivables’ valuations stated on our financial statements. However, our receivables valuation estimates may not be accurate and receivables due from customers reflected in our financial statements may not be collectible.

Sales in our businesses are dependent on new products, product development and consumer acceptance.

Our businesses depend, to a large extent, on the introduction and availability of innovative products and technologies. If we are not able to continually introduce new products that achieve consumer acceptance, our sales and profit margins may decline.

The impact of technological advancements may cause price erosion and adversely impact our profitability and inventory value.

Since we do not manufacture all of our products and do not conduct all of our own research and development, we cannot assure that we will be able to source technologically advanced products in order to remain competitive. Furthermore, the introduction or expected introduction of new products or technologies may depress sales of existing products and technologies. This may result in declining prices and inventory obsolescence. Since we maintain a substantial investment in product inventory, declining prices and inventory obsolescence could have a material adverse effect on our business and financial results.

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Our estimates of excess and obsolete inventory may prove to be inaccurate, in which case the provision required for excess and obsolete inventory may be understated or overstated.  Although we make every effort to ensure the accuracy of our forecasts of future product demand, any significant unanticipated changes in demand or technological developments could have a significant impact on the value of our inventory and operating results.

We purchase a significant amount of our products from suppliers in Pacific Rim countries and we are subject to the economic risks associated with inherent changes in the social, political, regulatory, and economic conditions not only in these countries, but also in other countries we do business in, including our own.

We import most of our products from suppliers in the Pacific Rim. Countries in the Pacific Rim have, in the past, experienced significant social, political, geographic, and economic upheaval. Due to the large concentrations of our purchases in Pacific Rim countries, particularly China, Hong Kong, South Korea, Vietnam, Malaysia, and Taiwan, any adverse changes in the social, political, regulatory, or economic conditions in these countries may materially increase the cost of the products that we buy from our foreign suppliers or delay shipments of products, which could have a material adverse effect on our business. In addition, our dependence on foreign suppliers forces us to order products further in advance than we would if our products were manufactured domestically. This increases the risk that our products will become obsolete or face selling price reductions before we can sell our inventory.

Our business, and that of our suppliers in these countries and elsewhere, are subject to the impact of natural catastrophic events such as earthquakes, floods or power outages, political crises such as terrorism or war, and public health crises, such as disease outbreaks, epidemics, or pandemics in the U.S. and global economies. Currently, the spread of COVID-19 globally has resulted in travel restrictions and disruption and shutdown of businesses. Our business relies on raw materials, components, and finished goods provided by our suppliers. If additional quarantining measures cause delays along our supply chain, we will likely experience a slow-down in our business as a result. Additionally, in February 2022, Russia launched a large-scale military attack on Ukraine. The invasion significantly amplified already existing geopolitical tensions among Russia, Ukraine, Europe, NATO and the West, including the United States. It is not possible to predict the full extent of the broader consequences of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, which could include sanctions, embargoes, regional instability, geopolitical shifts and adverse effects on macroeconomic conditions, currency exchange rates, and financial markets. Our business, financial condition and results of operations may be materially adversely affected by any negative impact on the global economy and capital markets resulting from such conflict.

Changes in U.S. or foreign government administrative policies, including changes to existing trade agreements, could have a material adverse effect on us.

As a result of changes to U.S. or foreign government administrative policy, there may be changes to existing trade agreements, such as the United States - Mexico - Canada Agreement (“USMCA”) that became effective on July 1, 2020 and replaced the North American Free Trade Agreement ("NAFTA"). Compared to the previous NAFTA trade agreement, USMCA increases environmental and labor regulations and will create incentives for more U.S. production of cars and trucks and impose a quota for Canadian and Mexico automotive production. Although we have determined that there have been no current immediate effects on our operations with respect to USMCA, we cannot predict future developments in the political climate involving the United States, Mexico, and Canada and thus these may have an adverse and material impact on our operations and financial growth.

In addition, tariffs and potential future increases in tariffs on goods we import from China could adversely affect our business. Since 2018, the U.S. has imposed tariffs on certain foreign goods imported from China and certain other countries and has levied sanctions and export controls on China and certain other countries. Such actions have, in many cases, led to retaliatory trade measures by China and other foreign governments. It is unclear as to whether or not the U.S. government will take further tariff action or grant relief to actions already put in place. Inability to pass through price increases related to these tariffs could have an adverse effect on our results of operations and cash flows. Similarly, increases in pricing may have an adverse impact on the competitiveness of the Company’s products relative to other manufacturers with less exposure to the tariff and could also lead to adverse impacts on our results of operations and cash flows.

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A commercial market for biometrics technology is still developing. There can be no assurance our iris-based identity authentication technology will be successful or achieve market acceptance.

A component of our strategy to grow revenue includes expansion of our iris-based identity authentication solutions into commercial markets. To date, biometrics technology has received only limited acceptance in such markets. Although the recent appearance of biometric readers on popular consumer products, such as smartphones, has increased interest in biometrics as a means of authenticating and/or identifying individuals, commercial markets for biometrics technology are still developing and evolving. Biometrics-based solutions compete with more traditional security methods including keys, cards, personal identification numbers and security personnel. Acceptance of biometrics as an alternative to such traditional methods depends upon a number of factors, including:

We face intense competition from other biometrics solutions providers.

A significant number of established companies have developed or are developing and marketing software and hardware for biometrics products and applications, including facial recognition, fingerprint biometrics, and other iris authentication competitors that currently compete with, or will compete directly with, our iris-based identity authentication solutions. We believe that additional competitors will enter the biometrics market and become significant long-term competitors, and that as a result, competition will increase. Companies competing with us may introduce solutions that are competitively priced, have increased performance or functionality or incorporate technological advances we have not yet developed or implemented.

We depend on a small number of key customers for a large percentage of our sales.

The electronics industry is characterized by a number of key customers. Specifically, 21% of our sales were to five customers in Fiscal 2022, 30% in Fiscal 2021, and 24% in Fiscal 2020. The loss of one or more of these customers could have a material adverse impact on our business.

The international marketing and distribution of our products subjects us to risks associated with international operations, including exposure to foreign currency fluctuations.

As part of our business strategy, we intend to continue to increase our sales, including our international sales, although we cannot assure you that we will be able to do so. Approximately 20.4% of our net sales currently originate in markets outside the U.S. While geographic diversity helps to reduce the Company's exposure to risk in any one country or part of the world, it also means that we are subject to the full range of risks associated with international operations, including, but not limited to:

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These risks could have a significant impact on our ability to sell our products on a competitive basis in international markets and may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, cash flows and financial condition.

In an effort to reduce the impact on earnings of foreign currency rate movements, we engage in a combination of cost-containment measures and selective hedging of foreign currency transactions. However, these measures may not succeed in offsetting any negative impact of foreign currency rate movements on our business and results of operations. For example, since 2010, Venezuela has been designated as hyperinflationary and the resulting currency devaluations in Venezuela in that initial year affected our business and results of operations. The government of Venezuela has also devalued its currency several times since 2013, which, as discussed in the next section, has also affected our business and results of operations.

Substantial political and economic uncertainty in Venezuela puts our local assets at risk.

We have a subsidiary in Venezuela, whose operations have been suspended due to the economic and political climate in that country. We hold fixed assets at this subsidiary and have incurred impairments related to our long-lived assets in Venezuela in the past. The net book value of these assets was $0 as of February 28, 2022 and February 28, 2021. The Company intends to continue to hold these assets with the hope of recovering value from them in the future; however, if conditions continue to deteriorate, we may be at risk of government confiscation of these assets.

Conditions in the global economy, the geographic markets we serve, and the financial markets may adversely affect us.

The current global financial market situation, as well as various social and political circumstances in the U.S. and around the world, including wars and other forms of conflict, terrorist acts, security operations and catastrophic events such as fires, floods, earthquakes, tornadoes, hurricanes and global health epidemics (including COVID-19 currently affecting the global community), may contribute to increased market volatility and economic uncertainties or deterioration in the U.S. and worldwide.

Deterioration in the economic conditions in the Eurozone and globally, including instability in financial markets, may pose a risk to our business. In recent years, financial markets have been affected at times by a number of global macroeconomic and political events, including the following: large sovereign debts and fiscal deficits of several countries in Europe and in emerging market jurisdictions, high levels of non-performing loans on the balance sheets of European banks, the effect of the United Kingdom exiting the European Union in 2020, the potential effect of any other European country leaving the Eurozone, market volatility and loss of investor confidence driven by political events, and the global spread of COVID-19. Market and economic disruptions have affected, and may in the future affect, consumer confidence levels and spending, personal bankruptcy rates, levels of incurrence and default on consumer debt, and home prices, among other factors. We cannot assure you that market disruptions in Europe, including the increased cost of funding for certain governments and financial institutions, will not impact the global economy, and we cannot assure you that assistance packages will be available, or if available, be sufficient to stabilize countries and markets in Europe or elsewhere affected by a financial crisis. To the extent uncertainty regarding any economic recovery in Europe negatively impacts consumer confidence and consumer credit factors, our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be significantly and adversely affected.

Furthermore, there is a rising threat of a Chinese financial crisis resulting from massive personal and corporate indebtedness and “trade wars.” The International Monetary Fund has warned that continuing trade tensions, including significant tariff increases between the United States and China could derail recovery from the impacts of COVID-19. We cannot assure you that the Chinese economy will not experience a significant contraction in the future.

Changes in the retail industry could have a material adverse effect on our business or financial condition.

In recent years, the retail industry has experienced consolidation, store closures, bankruptcies, and other ownership changes. In the future, retailers in the United States and in foreign markets may further consolidate, undergo

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restructurings or reorganizations, or realign their affiliations, any of which could decrease the number of stores that carry our products. Changing shopping patterns, including the rapid expansion of online retail shopping, have adversely affected customer traffic in mall and outlet centers. We expect competition in the e-commerce market will continue to intensify. As a greater portion of consumer expenditures with retailers occurs online and through mobile commerce applications, our brick-and-mortar wholesale customers who fail to successfully integrate their physical retail stores and digital retail may experience financial difficulties, including store closures, bankruptcies, or liquidations. We cannot control the success of individual malls, and an increase in store closures by other retailers may lead to store vacancies and reduced foot traffic. A continuation or worsening of these trends could have a material adverse effect on our sales, results of operations, financial condition, and cash flows.

We invest, from time to time, in marketable securities and other investments as part of our investing activities. These investments fluctuate in value based on economic, operational, competitive, political, and technological factors.  These investments could be subject to loss or impairment based on their performance.

The Company has incurred other-than-temporary impairments on its investments in the past, and continues to monitor investments in non-controlled corporations, as applicable, for potential future impairments. In addition, there is no guarantee that the fair values recorded for other investments will be sustained in the future.

From time to time, we provide funding to certain entities in the form of loans. Based on the performance of these entities, these loans may become partially or entirely uncollectible.

The Company has, from time to time, provided funding to certain entities that it owns and controls, or does not own or control, in the form of collateralized loans. Should the borrowers default on the loans and should the collateral be insufficient to satisfy the total outstanding balance owed to Voxx, we may not be able to recover 100% of these loan balances. We had loans outstanding, including principal and interest of $79,489, from our majority owned subsidiary, EyeLock LLC, at February 28, 2022.

We must comply with restrictive covenants in our debt agreements.

Our existing debt agreements contain certain covenants that limit our ability to, among other things, borrow additional money, pay dividends, dispose of assets, and acquire new businesses. These covenants also require us to maintain a specified fixed charge coverage ratio. If the Company is unable to comply with these covenants, there would be a default under these debt agreements. Changes in economic or business conditions, results of operations, or other factors could cause the Company to default under its debt agreements. A default, if not waived by our lenders, could result in acceleration of our debt and possible bankruptcy, should we have debt outstanding.

We have recorded, and may record in the future, goodwill, and other intangible assets as a result of acquisitions, and changes in future business conditions could cause these investments to become impaired, requiring substantial write-downs that would reduce our operating income.

We evaluate the recoverability of recorded goodwill and other intangible asset amounts annually, or when evidence of potential impairment exists. The annual impairment test is based on several factors requiring judgment. We have experienced significant impairment charges in past years (see Note 1(k)). Additional future impairment may result from, among other things, deterioration in the performance of our business or product lines, adverse market conditions and changes in the competitive landscape, and a variety of other circumstances. The amount of any impairment is recorded as a charge to our statement of operations. We may never realize the full value of our goodwill and intangible assets, and any determination requiring the write-off of a significant portion of these assets may have an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

If our sales during the holiday season fall below our expectations, our annual results could also fall below expectations.

Seasonal consumer shopping patterns significantly affect our business. We generally make a substantial amount of our sales and net income during September, October, and November. We expect this trend to continue. December is also a key month for us, due largely to the increase in promotional activities by our customers during the holiday season. If the economy faltered in these periods, if our customers altered the timing or frequency of their promotional activities, or if the effectiveness of these promotional activities declined, particularly around the holiday season, it could have a material adverse effect on our annual financial results.

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Legal and Regulatory Risks

There is no guarantee that patent/royalty rights will be renewed, or licensing agreements will be maintained.

Certain product development and revenues are dependent on the ownership and or use of various patents, licenses, and license agreements.  If the Company is not able to successfully renew or renegotiate these rights, we may suffer from a loss of product sales or royalty revenue associated with these rights or incur additional expense to pursue alternative arrangements.

We are subject to governmental regulations.

We always face the possibility of new governmental regulations which could have a substantial effect on our operations and profitability. The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act contains provisions to improve transparency and accountability concerning the supply of certain minerals, known as “conflict minerals,” originating from the Democratic Republic of Congo and adjoining countries. There are costs associated with complying with these disclosure requirements, including for due diligence to determine the sources of conflict minerals used in our products and other potential changes to products, processes, or sources of supply as a consequence of such verification activities. These rules could adversely affect the sourcing, supply and pricing of materials used in our products. As there may be only a limited number of suppliers offering "conflict free" conflict minerals, we cannot be sure that we will be able to obtain necessary conflict minerals from such suppliers in sufficient quantities or at competitive prices. Also, we may face reputational challenges if we determine that certain of our products contain minerals not determined to be conflict free or if we are unable to sufficiently verify the origins for all conflict minerals used in our products through the procedures we implement.

A data privacy breach could damage our reputation and customer relationships, expose us to litigation risk and potential fines, and adversely affect our business.

We and our business partners maintain significant amounts of data electronically in locations around the world. This data relates to all aspects of our business, including current and future products and initiatives under development, and contains confidential, proprietary, non-public, and personal customer, consumer, supplier, partner, and employee data, which we collect, process, transmit, and, where appropriate, retain as part of our normal operations. We maintain systems, protocols, and processes designed to protect this data. Despite the security measures we and our partners have in place, our facilities and systems, and those of our third-party service providers and partners, are vulnerable to security breaches, cyber-attacks, acts of vandalism, computer viruses, misplaced or lost data, programming and/or human error, or other similar events. Threat actors attempt to breach our security systems to gain access to our data and infrastructure through various techniques, including phishing, ransomware, and other targeted attacks. The risk of such attacks includes attempted breaches not only of our systems, but also those of our business partners, customers, clients, and suppliers. The techniques used to obtain unauthorized access are constantly changing, are becoming increasingly more sophisticated, and often are not recognized until after an exploitation of information has occurred. Therefore, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques or implement sufficient preventative measures, which may have a material adverse effect on our Company.

The Company has retained and, in the future, may retain third-party experts to assist with the containment of, and response to, security incidents and, in coordination with law enforcement, with the investigation of such incidents. The Company has incurred, and may continue to incur, costs to retain such third-party experts in connection with any such incidents. We may also find it necessary to make significant further investments to protect our information and our infrastructure. These investments, and the costs we incur in connection with security incidents, could be material.

As we publicly announced on September 28, 2020, we had previously identified, immediately investigated, and addressed a security incident that occurred on July 7, 2020, that resulted in data related to current and former employees (and their beneficiaries) and contractors stored on certain devices becoming encrypted by ransomware. The incident was promptly addressed and remediated. While we do not believe this or any cybersecurity incident has resulted in any material impact on our business, operations, or financial results, or on our ability to service our customers or run our business, future incidents resulting in unauthorized access to our facilities or information technology systems, networks or infrastructure (or those of our customers, vendors, or other business partners)  could result in, among other things, a total shutdown of our systems that would disrupt our ability to conduct business or pay vendors and employees.

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Further, if we or third parties with which we do business were to fall victim to a successful security breach involving the misappropriation, loss, or unauthorized disclosure of confidential, proprietary, or personal information, whether belonging to us or our vendors, customers, or other third-party business partners, such a breach could result in significant legal and remediation expenses, violate applicable laws and regulations, severely damage our reputation and our customer relationships, harm sales, increase our cybersecurity and other insurance premiums, expose us to risks of litigation and liability, and result in a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations. In addition, cybersecurity incidents and data security breaches could lead to unfavorable publicity, governmental inquiry and oversight, litigation by affected parties, and possible financial obligations for damages related to the theft or misuse of such information, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our profitability and cash flow.

We may face regulatory data protection, data security, and privacy risks in connection with our operations under, or failure to comply with, applicable data privacy laws and regulations.

Strict data privacy laws regulating the collection, transmission, storage, disclosure and use of personal information are evolving in the United States, the European Union, the UK, Canada, and other jurisdictions in which we operate. Privacy laws, including the General Data Protection Regulations in the European Union and the UK and the California Consumer Privacy Act ("CCPA"), create new individual privacy rights and impose increased obligations on companies handling personal data. The CCPA, which became effective on January 1, 2020, grants individuals the right to access, request deletion of, and opt out of the sale of personal information and creates a private right of action for the unauthorized access and exfiltration, theft, or disclosure of certain types of personal information, including the right to seek statutory damages, among other things. In 2020, the Court of Justice for the European Union invalidated mechanisms for transferring personal information out of the European Union, leading to a wave of potential new barriers for data sharing between the European Union and other countries, including the United States. These changes in the legal and regulatory environments in the areas of customer and employee privacy, data security, and cross-border data flows could have a material adverse effect on our business, primarily through (i) the impairment of our transaction processing activities, (ii) the limitation on the types of information that we may collect, process and retain, (iii) the resulting costs of complying with such legal and regulatory requirements, and (iv) the potential monetary penalties for noncompliance. In addition, the federal privacy and security regulations issued under HIPAA require our facilities to comply with extensive requirements on the use and disclosure of protected health information, and implement and maintain administrative, physical, and technical safeguards to protect the security of such information.

A change in applicable privacy or security laws or regulations could require us to devote significant management and operational resources, and expend significant additional financial resources, to upgrade the security measures that we employ to comply with such change. Consequently, we may incur significant costs related to ensuring compliance with applicable laws regarding the protection of personal information. The potential costs of non-compliance with these laws and regulations may include significant penalties. In addition, new and existing regulations and policies may affect the use of our products and services and could have a material adverse impact on our results of operations.

Our products could infringe the intellectual property rights of others and we may be exposed to costly litigation.

The products we sell are continually changing as a result of improved technology.  Although we and our suppliers attempt to avoid infringing known proprietary rights of third parties in our products, we may be subject to legal proceedings and claims for alleged infringement by us, our suppliers, or our distributors, of a third party’s patents, trade secrets, trademarks, or copyrights.

Any claims relating to the infringement of third-party proprietary rights, even if not meritorious, could result in costly litigation, divert management’s attention and resources, or require us to either enter into royalty or license agreements which are not advantageous to us or pay material amounts of damages.  In addition, parties making these claims may be able to obtain an injunction, which could prevent us from selling our products.  We may increasingly be subject to infringement claims as we expand our product offerings.

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Operational Risks

A portion of our workforce is represented by labor unions. Collective bargaining agreements can increase our expenses. Labor disruptions could adversely affect our operations.

As of February 28, 2022, 44 of our full-time employees were covered by collective bargaining agreements. We cannot predict whether labor unions may be successful in organizing other portions of our workforce or what additional costs we could incur as a result.

We depend on our suppliers to provide us with adequate quantities of high-quality competitive products and/or component parts on a timely basis.

We have few long-term contracts with our suppliers. Most of our products and component parts are imported from suppliers under short-term purchase orders. Accordingly, we can give no assurance that:

On occasion, our suppliers have not been able to produce the quantities of products or component parts that we desire. Our inability to manufacture and/or supply sufficient quantities of products that are in demand could reduce our profitability and have a material adverse effect on our relationships with our customers. If any of our supplier relationships were terminated or interrupted, we could experience an immediate or long-term supply shortage, which could have a material adverse effect on our business.

We have few long-term sales contracts with our customers that contain guaranteed customer purchase commitments.

Sales of many of our products are made by purchase orders and are terminable at will by either party. We do have long-term sales contracts with certain customers; however, these contracts do not require the customers to guarantee specific levels of product purchases over the term of the contracts. The unexpected loss of all or a significant portion of sales to any one of our large customers could have a material adverse effect on our performance.

We are increasingly dependent on the continuous and reliable operation of our information technology systems, and a disruption of these systems resulting from cybersecurity attacks or other events could adversely affect our business.

We increasingly depend on our information technology, or IT, infrastructure in order to achieve our business objectives. To meet these business objectives, the Company relies on our information technology systems and those of our third-party business partners to process and store sensitive data, including confidential research, business plans, financial information, intellectual property, and personal data. The secure operation of these systems and products, including the protection of the information they process, is critical to our business operations and strategy.  Our customers and business partners rely on the security of our infrastructure, including hardware and other elements provided by third parties, to ensure the reliability of our products and the protection of their data. The extensive cybersecurity threats which affect companies globally pose a risk to the security and availability of these IT systems and the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of confidential, proprietary, and personal data. To date, the Company has not experienced any material impact to its business or operations resulting from a data breach or cybersecurity attack. However, because of frequently changing attack techniques, along with the increased volume and sophistication of the attacks, there is the potential for the Company to be adversely impacted. If we experience a

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cyberattack that impairs our IT infrastructure, such as a computer virus, a problem with the functioning of an important IT application, or an intentional disruption of our IT systems by a third party, the resulting disruptions could impede our ability to record or process orders, manufacture, and ship in a timely manner, or otherwise carry on our business in the ordinary course. Any such events could cause us to lose customers or revenue and could require us to incur significant remediation expense. Furthermore, although the Company maintains insurance coverage for various cybersecurity and business continuity risks, there can be no guarantee that all costs or losses incurred will be fully insured.

Our computer systems are subject to penetration and our security and data protection measures may not prevent unauthorized access. Threats to our systems and our associated third parties’ systems can result from human error, fraud, or malice on the part of employees or third parties, as well as from accidental technological failure. Despite security measures, computer viruses, malware, and other “hacking” programs and devices may cause significant damage, delays or interruptions to our systems and operations or to certain of the products we sell, resulting in damage to our reputation and brand names. Although the Company has business continuity plans in place, if these plans do not provide effective alternative processes on a timely basis, the Company may suffer interruptions in its ability to manage or conduct its operations, which may adversely affect its business. The Company may need to expend additional resources in the future to continue to protect against, or to address problems caused by, any business interruptions or security breaches.  Any business interruptions or data security breaches (including cybersecurity breaches resulting in private data disclosure) could result in lawsuits or regulatory proceedings, damage our reputation, or adversely impact our results of operations, cash flows, and financial condition.

A failure to keep pace with developments in technology could impair our operations or competitive position.

Our business continues to demand the use of sophisticated systems and technology. If we are unable to timely update and replace our systems and technology with more advanced systems on a regular basis in order for us to meet our customers’ demands and expectations, or if we are unable to appropriately and timely train our employees to operate any of these new systems, our business could suffer. We also may not achieve the benefits that we anticipate from any new system or technology implemented by us, and a failure to do so could result in higher than anticipated costs or could impair our operating results.

We are continuously working to upgrade our information technology systems and provide employee awareness training around phishing, malware, and other cyber risks to protect our customer, employee, and company data against cyber risks and security breaches. Despite these efforts, there is no guarantee that the procedures that we have implemented to protect against unauthorized access to secured data are adequate to safeguard against future data security breaches. Because of the frequently changing attack techniques, along with the increased volume and sophistication of the attacks, there is the potential for the Company to be adversely impacted. Moreover, because the techniques used to gain access to or sabotage systems often are not recognized until launched against a target, we may be unable to anticipate the methods necessary to defend against these types of attacks, and we cannot predict the extent, frequency or impact these attacks may have on us. To the extent our business is interrupted, this impact could include reputational, competitive, operational, or other business harm as well as financial costs and regulatory action. Further, the theft or unauthorized use or publication of our trade secrets and other confidential business information as a result of such an incident could adversely affect our competitive position.

Remote working arrangements driven by the COVID-19 pandemic could significantly increase the Company’s digital and cybersecurity risks.

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused us to modify our business practices. In response to mandates and/or recommendations from federal, state, and local authorities, as well as our concern for the health and safety of our employees, we temporarily closed or reduced operations in many of our locations, as well as implemented hybrid working arrangements in certain locations. With the continuing COVID-19-driven shift to remote working, and the use of virtual board and executive management meetings, cybersecurity risks are exponentially greater. Social distancing measures restricting the ability of our employees to work at our offices create an increased demand for information technology resources, and thus may increase the risk of phishing and other cybersecurity attacks as well as increase the risk of unauthorized dissemination of sensitive personal information or proprietary or confidential information about us or our customers, employees, or business partners. Despite our cybersecurity measures, we may be more susceptible to security breaches and other security incidents because we have less capability to

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implement, monitor, and enforce our information security and data protection policies. Techniques or software used to gain unauthorized access, and/or disable, degrade, or harm our systems may be difficult to detect for prolonged periods of time, and we may be unable to anticipate these techniques or put in place protective or preventive measures. The damage or disruption of our systems, or the theft or compromise of our technology, data, or intellectual property, may negatively impact our business, financial condition and results of operations, reputation, stock price and long-term value. Any such event may also expose us to costly remediation, litigation, and regulatory investigations or actions by state and federal authorities as well as non-US authorities, interference with the Company's operations, and damage to the Company's reputation, which could adversely affect the Company's business.

We are responsible for product warranties and defects.

Whether we outsource manufacturing or manufacture products directly for our customers, we provide warranties for all of our products, for which we have provided an estimated liability. Therefore, we are highly dependent on the quality of our suppliers’ products.

If we experience an increase in warranty claims, or if our costs associated with such warranty claims increase significantly, we will begin to incur liabilities for warranty claims after the sale of our products at levels that we have not previously incurred or anticipated. In addition, an increase in the frequency of our warranty claims or amount of warranty costs may harm our reputation and could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

We provide financial support to one of our subsidiaries through an intercompany loan agreement and may need to secure additional financing for our own operations, but we cannot be sure that additional financing will be available.

We have an intercompany loan agreement with our majority owned subsidiary, EyeLock LLC, which is expected to continue to require additional funding beyond one year. In funding the loan to EyeLock LLC, we have less cash flow available to support our domestic operations and other activities. If we are unable to generate sufficient cash flows in the future to support our operations and service our debt as a result of funding EyeLock LLC, we may be required to refinance all or a portion of our existing debt, as applicable, or to obtain additional financing. There can be no assurance that any refinancing will be possible or that any additional financing could be obtained on acceptable terms. The inability to service or refinance our existing debt or to obtain additional financing would have a material adverse effect on our financial position, liquidity, and results of operations.

Our capital resources may not be sufficient to meet our future capital and liquidity requirements.

We believe our current funds and available credit lines would provide sufficient resources to fund our existing operations for the foreseeable future. However, we may need additional capital to operate our business if:

Acquisitions and strategic investments may divert our resources and management’s attention; results may fall short of expectations.

We intend to continue pursuing selected acquisitions of, and investments in, businesses, technologies, and product lines as a component of our growth strategy.  Any future acquisition or investment may result in the use of significant amounts of cash, potentially dilutive issuances of equity securities, or the incurrence of debt and amortization expenses related to intangible assets.  Acquisitions involve numerous risks, including:

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We cannot assure you that our acquisitions will be successful and will not adversely affect our business, results of operations, or financial condition.

We depend heavily on existing directors, management and key personnel and our ability to recruit and retain qualified personnel.

Our success depends on the continued efforts of our directors, executives, and senior vice presidents, many of whom have worked with VOXX International Corporation for several decades, as well as our other executive officers and key employees. We have employment contracts with most of our executive officers. The loss or interruption of the continued full-time service of certain of our executive officers and key employees could have a material adverse effect on our business. In addition, to support our continued growth, we must effectively recruit, develop, and retain additional qualified personnel both domestically and internationally. Our inability to attract and retain necessary qualified personnel could have a material adverse effect on our business.

Risks Related to the Ownership of our Common Stock

Our stock price could fluctuate significantly.

The market price of our common stock could fluctuate significantly in response to various factors and events, including:

In addition, the securities markets have experienced significant price and volume fluctuations over the past several years that have often been unrelated to the operating performance of particular companies. These market fluctuations may also have a material adverse effect on the market price of our common stock.

John J. Shalam, our Chairman, controls a significant portion of the voting power of our common stock and can exercise control over our affairs.

Mr. Shalam beneficially owns approximately 52.8% of the combined voting power of both classes of common stock. This will allow him to elect the majority of our Board of Directors and, in general, determine the outcome of any other matter submitted to the stockholders for approval. Mr. Shalam's voting power may have the effect of delaying or preventing a change in control of the Company.

We have two classes of common stock: Class A common stock, which is traded on the NASDAQ Stock Market under the symbol VOXX, and Class B common stock, which is not publicly traded and substantially all of which is beneficially owned by Mr. Shalam. Each share of Class A common stock is entitled to one vote per share and each share of Class B common stock is entitled to ten votes per share. Class A shareholders vote separately for the election/removal of the Class A directors, while both classes vote together as a single class on all other matters and as otherwise may be required by Delaware law. Since our charter permits shareholder action by written consent, Mr. Shalam may be able to take significant corporate actions without prior notice and a shareholder meeting.

We exercise our option for the "controlled company" exemption under NASDAQ rules.

The Company has exercised its right to the "controlled company" exemption under NASDAQ rules which enables us to forego certain NASDAQ requirements which include:  (i) maintaining a majority of independent directors; (ii) electing a nominating committee composed solely of independent directors; (iii) ensuring the compensation of our executive officers is determined by a majority of independent directors or a compensation committee composed solely of independent directors; and (iv) selecting, or recommending for the Board's selection, director nominees, either by a majority of the independent directors or a nominating committee composed solely of independent directors.  Although we do not maintain a nominating committee and do not have a majority of independent

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directors, the Company notes that at the present time we do maintain a compensation committee comprised solely of independent directors who approve executive compensation, and the recommendations for director nominees are governed by a majority of independent directors.  However, election of the "controlled company" exemption under NASDAQ rules allows us to modify our position at any time.

General Risks

Our cash and cash equivalents could be adversely affected if the financial institutions in which we hold our cash and cash equivalents fail.

Our cash and cash equivalents consist of demand deposits and highly liquid money market funds with original maturities of three months or less at the time of purchase. We maintain the cash and cash equivalents with major financial institutions. Some deposits with these banks exceed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ("FDIC") insurance limits or similar limits in foreign jurisdictions. While we monitor daily the cash balances in the operating accounts and adjust the balances as appropriate, these balances could be impacted if one or more of the financial institutions with which we deposit fails or is subject to other adverse conditions in the financial or credit markets. To date, we have experienced no loss or lack of access to our invested cash or cash equivalents; however, we can provide no assurance that access to our invested cash and cash equivalents will not be impacted by adverse conditions in the financial and credit markets.

Our business could be affected by unseasonal or severe weather-related factors.

Our results of operations may be adversely affected by weather-related factors. Adverse weather conditions and extreme seasonal fluctuations may deter or prevent patrons from reaching facilities where our products are sold, or negatively affect customer demand for certain products. Although our budget assumes certain seasonal fluctuations in our revenues to ensure adequate cash flow during expected periods of lower revenues, we cannot ensure that weather-related factors will not have a material adverse effect on our operations.

Other Risks

Other risks and uncertainties include:

Item 1B-Unresolved Staff Comments

As of the filing of this annual report on Form 10-K, there were no unresolved comments from the staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission.

Item 2-Properties

Our Corporate headquarters is located at 2351 J. Lawson Blvd. in Orlando, Florida, which is owned by the Company, and also serves as a manufacturing facility for its automotive electronic business. In addition, as of February 28, 2022, the Company leased a total of 19 operating facilities or offices located in 6 states as well as China, Canada, Mexico, France, Germany, Japan, and Hong Kong. The leases have been classified as operating leases.  Within the United States, the Company’s leased facilities are located in Georgia, New York, California, Ohio, North Carolina, and Texas. The Company also owns 8 of its operating facilities or offices (including its Corporate headquarters and automotive manufacturing facility in Florida), located in New York, Indiana, Michigan, and Arkansas in the United States, as well as in Germany and Venezuela. These facilities serve as offices, warehouses, manufacturing facilities and distribution centers. Additionally, we utilize public warehouse facilities located in Virginia, Nevada, Indiana, North Carolina, Florida, Mexico, China, the Netherlands, Germany, Australia, Japan, and Canada.

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Item 3-Legal Proceedings

The Company is currently, and has in the past, been a party to various routine legal proceedings incident to the ordinary course of business. If management determines, based on the underlying facts and circumstances of each matter, that it is probable a loss will result from a litigation contingency and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated, the estimated loss is accrued for. The Company does not believe that any outstanding litigation will have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial statements, individually or in the aggregate.

The products the Company sells are continually changing as a result of improved technology.  As a result, although the Company and its suppliers attempt to avoid infringing known proprietary rights, the Company may be subject to legal proceedings and claims for alleged infringement by patent, trademark, or other intellectual property owners.  Any claims relating to the infringement of third-party proprietary rights, even if not meritorious, could result in costly litigation, divert management’s attention and resources, or require the Company to either enter into royalty or license agreements which are not advantageous to the Company or pay material amounts of damages.

In March 2007, the Company entered into a contract with Seaguard Electronics, LLC (“Seaguard”) relating to the Company’s purchase from Seaguard of a stolen vehicle recovery product and back-end services. In August 2018, Seaguard filed a demand for arbitration against the Company with the American Arbitration Association (“AAA”) alleging claims for breach of contract and patent infringement. Seaguard originally sought damages of approximately $10,000 and on the seventh day of an eight-day fact witness portion of the arbitration in June 2021, amended its damages demand to $40,000, which was effected by the service of Claimant’s notice dated July 14, 2021.

On November 29, 2021, the Arbitrator issued an interim award (the “Interim Award”) with Seaguard prevailing on its breach of contract claim. The Company’s affirmative defenses relating to those claims, however, were denied in their entirety. Seaguard was awarded damages in the amount of $39,444 against the Company. On March 3, 2022, the Arbitrator issued a Partial Final Award on Bifurcated Issue in the amount of $39,444, plus $798 for its attorneys’ fees and costs. On March 11, 2022, the Arbitrator fixed the schedule of the patent portion of the bifurcated arbitration, with a trial date set for October 16, 2023. The Company has put its suppliers on notice of its indemnification rights with respect to the alleged infringing products. 

On March 14, 2022, Seaguard filed a Petition in the United States District Court, Central District of California, Western Division, to confirm the Partial Final Award. On April 25, 2022, the Company filed its opposition to Seaguard’s Petition to Confirm and a Counter-Petition to Vacate the Partial Final Award. A hearing on the Petition and Counter-Petition is presently scheduled for June 3, 2022.

At February 28, 2022, the Company has recorded a charge of $39,444 within Other (expense) income in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive (Loss) Income. No accrual or reserve was included in the Company’s issued financial statements prior to the quarter ended November 30, 2021, based on an assessment that an award of damages in the arbitration proceeding would not be material and that the amount as determined by the Arbitrator’s award was not probable. The Company made its accrual determination in accordance with reports and evaluations from its damages expert, as well as from the guidance and opinion letters received from the Company’s trial attorneys.

Item 4-Mine Safety Disclosure

Not applicable.

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PART II

Item 5-Market for the Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters, and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Market Information

The Class A Common Stock of Voxx is traded on the Nasdaq Stock Market under the symbol "VOXX." The following table sets forth the low and high sale price of our Class A Common Stock, based on the last daily sale in each of the last eight fiscal quarters:

Dividends

We have not paid or declared any cash dividends on our common stock. We have retained all our earnings for use in developing our business. Future cash dividends, if any, will be paid at the discretion of our Board of Directors and will depend, among other things, upon our future operations and earnings, capital requirements and surplus, general financial condition, contractual restrictions, and such other factors as our Board of Directors may deem relevant giving consideration to any requirements or restrictions under the Company's credit agreements (see Note 7(a) to the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements).

Holders

There are 635 holders of record of our Class A Common Stock and 4 holders of Class B Convertible Common Stock.

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

In April 2019, the Company was authorized by the Board of Directors to increase the number of Class A Common Shares available for repurchase in connection with its share repurchase program (the “Program”) to 3,000,000. During the year ended February 28, 2022, the Company purchased 113,000 shares of its Class A Common Stock for an aggregate cost of $1,220. During the year ended February 29, 2020, the Company purchased 581,124 shares of its Class A Common Stock for an aggregate cost of $2,742. During the year ended February 28, 2021, the Company did not purchase any shares. As of February 28, 2022, the cumulative total of acquired shares (net of reissuances of 11,635) pursuant to the Program was 2,862,218, with a cumulative value of $25,138. The remaining authorized share repurchase balance is 2,305,876 at February 28, 2022.

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Performance Graph

The following table compares the annual percentage change in our cumulative total stockholder return on our Class A common stock during the period commencing on February 28, 2017 and ending on February 28, 2022 with the cumulative total return of the Nasdaq Stock Market (U.S.) Index and our SIC Code Index, during such period.

Item 6-Reserved

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Item 7-Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations ("MD&A")

This section should be read in conjunction with the "Cautionary Statements" and "Risk Factors" in Item 1A of Part I, and Item 8 of Part II, "Consolidated Financial Statements and Supplementary Data."

We begin Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations with an overview of the business, including our strategy to give the reader a summary of the goals of our business and the direction in which our business is moving.  This is followed by a discussion of the Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates that we believe are important to understanding the assumptions and judgments incorporated in our reported financial results. In the next section, we discuss our Results of Operations for the year ended February 28, 2022 compared to the years ended February 28, 2021 and February 29, 2020. Next, we present EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA for the year ended February 28, 2022 compared to the years ended February 28, 2021 and February 29, 2020 in order to provide a useful and appropriate supplemental measure of our performance. We then provide an analysis of changes in our balance sheet and cash flows and discuss our financial commitments in the sections entitled "Liquidity and Capital Resources." We conclude this MD&A with a discussion of "Related Party Transactions" and "Recent Accounting Pronouncements."

Business Overview and Strategy

VOXX International Corporation is a leading international distributor, manufacturer and value-added service provider in the automotive electronics, consumer electronics and biometrics industries.  We conduct our business through nineteen wholly-owned subsidiaries and one majority owned subsidiary. Voxx has a broad portfolio of brand names used to market our products as well as private labels through a large domestic and international distribution network. We also function as an OEM ("Original Equipment Manufacturer") supplier to several customers, as well as market a number of products under exclusive distribution agreements.

In recent years, we have focused our attention on acquiring synergistic businesses with the addition of several new subsidiaries.  These subsidiaries have helped us to expand our core business and broaden our presence in the accessory and OEM markets. Our acquisition of a controlling interest in EyeLock Inc. and EyeLock Corporation allowed us to enter the growing and innovative biometrics market. The Company has also made strategic asset purchases in order to strengthen its product offerings and increase market share, such as the acquisition of certain assets and assumption of certain liabilities of Rosen Electronics LLC in Fiscal 2018, Vehicle Safety Holding Corp. in Fiscal 2020, Directed LLC and Directed Electronics Canada Inc. in Fiscal 2021, and Onkyo Home Entertainment Corporation in Fiscal 2022. Our intention is to continue to pursue business opportunities which will allow us to further expand our business model while leveraging overhead and exploring specialized niche markets in the electronics industry. Notwithstanding the above acquisitions, if the appropriate opportunity arises, the Company has been willing to explore the potential divestiture of a product line or business, such as with the sale of the Company's Hirschmann subsidiary in Fiscal 2018.

The Company classifies its operations in the following three reportable segments: Automotive Electronics, Consumer Electronics, and Biometrics. The characteristics of our operations that are relied on in making and reviewing business decisions within these segments include the similarities in our products, the commonality of our customers, suppliers and product developers across multiple brands, our unified marketing and distribution strategy, our centralized inventory management and logistics, and the nature of the financial information used by our Chief Operating Decision Maker ("CODM"). The CODM reviews the financial results of the Company based on the performance of the Automotive Electronics, Consumer Electronics, and Biometrics segments.

The Company’s domestic and international business is subject to retail industry trends and conditions and the sales of new and used vehicles. Worldwide economic conditions impact consumer spending and if the global macroeconomic environment deteriorates, this could have a negative effect on the Company’s revenues and earnings. In an attempt to offset any negative market conditions, the Company continues to explore strategies and alternatives to reduce its operating expenses, such as the consolidation of facilities and IT systems, and has been introducing new products to obtain a greater market share.

Although we believe our product groups have expanding market opportunities, there are certain levels of volatility related to domestic and international markets, new car sales, increased competition by manufacturers, private labels, technological advancements, customer acceptance, discretionary consumer spending and general economic conditions.  Also, all of our products are subject to price fluctuations which could affect the carrying value of inventories and gross margins in the future.

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During March 2020, a global pandemic was declared by the World Health Organization related to the rapidly growing outbreak of COVID-19, which began spreading during the fourth quarter of our 2020 fiscal year. The pandemic has significantly impacted the economic conditions in the United States, as federal, state, and local governments have reacted to the public health crisis, creating significant uncertainties in the United States, as well as the global economy. In the interest of public health and safety, U.S. jurisdictions (national, state, and local) where our primary operations and those of many of our customers are located, required mandatory business closures and capacity limitations during Fiscal 2021, or other restrictions for those that were permitted to continue to operate. During Fiscal 2022, all of our operating locations were able to re-open, some of which were at a reduced in-office employee presence at certain times during the year in response to COVID-19 variant spread.

As a result of these events, the Company has experienced certain adverse impacts on its revenues, results of operations and cash flows during Fiscal 2022. The situation is still rapidly changing and additional impacts to the Company’s business may arise that we are not aware of currently. We cannot predict whether, when, or the manner in which the conditions surrounding COVID-19 will change, including the timing of the imposition or lifting of restrictions, closure requirements, or any other limitations. Due to the changing situation, the results of the first quarter ending May 31, 2022 and the full fiscal year ending February 28, 2023 could be impacted in ways we are not able to predict today, including, but not limited to, non-cash write-downs and impairments; foreign currency fluctuations; potential adjustments to the carrying value of inventory; and the delayed collections of, or inability to collect, accounts receivable. The Company continues to focus on cash flow and anticipates having sufficient resources to operate during Fiscal 2023.

Acquisitions and Dispositions

We have acquired and integrated several businesses, as well as divested certain businesses, the most recent of which are outlined in the Acquisitions section of Part I and presented in detail in Note 2 to the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates (see Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements)

General

Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make certain estimates, judgments, and assumptions that we believe are reasonable based upon the information available. These estimates and assumptions can be subjective and complex and may affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, revenues, and expenses reported in those financial statements. As a result, actual results could differ from such estimates and assumptions. During Fiscal 2022, there have been continuous changes to the global economic situation as a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic. It is possible that this could cause changes to estimates as a result of the financial circumstances of the markets in which the Company operates, the price of the Company’s publicly traded equity in comparison to the Company’s carrying value, and the health of the global economy. Such changes to estimates could potentially result in impacts that would be material to the consolidated financial statements, particularly with respect to the fair value of the Company’s reporting units in relation to potential goodwill impairment and the fair value of long-lived assets in relation to potential impairment.

The significant accounting policies and estimates which we believe are the most critical in fully understanding and evaluating the reported consolidated financial results include the following:

Revenue Recognition

The Company accounts for revenue in accordance with ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The core principle of ASC 606 is that an entity recognizes revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods and services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods and services. We apply the FASB’s guidance on revenue recognition, which requires us to recognize the amount of revenue and consideration that we expect to receive in exchange for goods and services transferred to our customers. To do this, the Company applies the five-step model prescribed by the FASB, which requires us to: (i) identify the contract with the customer; (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (v) recognize revenue when, or as, we satisfy a performance obligation.

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We account for a contract or purchase order when it has approval and commitment from both parties, the rights of the parties are identified, payment terms are identified, the contract has commercial substance, and collectability of consideration is probable. Revenue is recognized when control of the product passes to the customer, which is upon shipment, unless otherwise specified within the customer contract or on the purchase order as delivery, and is recognized at the amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to receive for the products sold, including various forms of discounts. When revenue is recorded, estimates of returns are made and recorded as a reduction of revenue.

Sales Incentives

Sales incentives are accounted for in accordance with ASC 606. We offer sales incentives to our customers in the form of (1) co-operative advertising allowances; (2) market development funds; (3) volume incentive rebates; and (4) other trade allowances. We accrue the cost of co-operative advertising allowances, volume incentive rebates, and market development funds at the later of when the customer purchases our products or when the sales incentive is offered to the customer. We record the provision for other trade allowances at the later of when the sales incentive is offered or when the related revenue is recognized. Except for other trade allowances, all sales incentives require the customer to purchase our products during a specified period of time. All sales incentives require customers to claim the sales incentive within a certain time period (referred to as the "claim period").  All costs associated with sales incentives are classified as a reduction of net sales.

Depending on the specific facts and circumstances, we utilize either the most likely amount or the expected value methods to estimate the effect of uncertainty on the amount of variable consideration to which we would be entitled. The most likely amount method considers the single most likely amount from a range of possible consideration amounts, while the expected value method is the sum of probability-weighted amounts in a range of possible consideration amounts. Both methods are based upon the contractual terms of the incentives and historical experience with each customer. Although we make our best estimate of sales incentive liabilities, many factors, including significant unanticipated changes in the purchasing volume and the lack of claims from customers could have a significant impact on the liability for sales incentives and reported operating results. We record estimates for cash discounts, promotional rebates, and other promotional allowances in the period the related revenue is recognized (“Customer Credits”). The provision for Customer Credits is recorded as a reduction from gross sales and reserves for Customer Credits are presented within accrued sales incentives on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.

Unearned sales incentives are volume incentive rebates where the customer did not purchase the required minimum quantities of product during the specified time. Volume incentive rebates are reversed into income in the period when the customer did not reach the required minimum purchases of product during the specified time. Unclaimed sales incentives are sales incentives earned by the customer, but the customer has not claimed payment within the claim period (period after program has ended). Unclaimed sales incentives are investigated in a timely manner after the end of the program and reversed if deemed appropriate.

Business Combinations

We account for business combinations under the acquisition method of accounting. The purchase price of each business acquired is allocated to the tangible and intangible assets acquired and the liabilities assumed based on information regarding their respective fair values on the date of acquisition. Any excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the separately identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed is allocated to goodwill. Determining the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed requires management's judgment and often involves the use of significant estimates and assumptions, including assumptions with respect to future cash inflows and outflows, discount rates, and market multiples, among other items. We determine the fair values of intangible assets acquired generally in consultation with third-party valuation advisors. The valuation of assets acquired and liabilities assumed requires a number of judgments and is subject to revision as additional information about the fair values becomes available. We recognize any adjustments to provisional amounts that are identified during the period not to exceed twelve months from the acquisition date (the "measurement period") in which the adjustments are determined. Acquisition costs are expensed as incurred. The results of operations of businesses acquired are included in the consolidated financial statements from their dates of acquisition.

As part of the agreement to acquire certain subsidiaries, we may be obligated to pay contingent consideration should the acquired entity meet certain earnings or other contractually agreed upon objectives subsequent to the date of acquisition. As of the acquisition date, contingent consideration is recorded at fair value as determined through the use of an appropriate fair value model, depending on the nature of the arrangement. The models could involve the estimation of future subsidiary performance, probability of likelihood, projected cash flows, weighted average

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discount rates, and expected long-term growth rates. The fair value is measured subsequent to the acquisition date at least annually and any changes are recorded within cost and operating expenses within our consolidated statement of income until the contingent consideration is settled. Changes in either the growth rates, expected probabilities, related earnings, or the discount rate could result in a material change to the amount of the contingent consideration accrued.

Accounts Receivable

We perform ongoing credit evaluations of our customers and adjust credit limits based upon payment history and current credit worthiness, as determined by a review of current credit information. We continuously monitor collections from our customers and maintain a provision for estimated credit losses based upon historical experience and any specific customer collection issues that have been identified.  While such credit losses have historically been within management's expectations and the provisions established, we cannot guarantee that we will continue to experience the same credit loss rates that have been experienced in the past. Our five largest customer balances comprise 24% of our accounts receivable balance as of February 28, 2022. A significant change in the liquidity or financial position of any one of these customers could have a material adverse impact on the collectability of accounts receivable and our results of operations.

On March 1, 2020, we adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-13, “Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments,” which did not have a material impact on our financial statements. Our financial instruments consist of trade receivables arising from revenue transactions in the ordinary course of business. We extend credit to customers based on pre-defined criteria and trade receivables are generally due within 30 to 60 days.

Inventory

We value our inventory at the lower of the actual cost to purchase or the net realizable value of the inventory. Net realizable value is defined as estimated selling prices, less cost of completion, disposal, and transportation. We regularly review inventory quantities on-hand and record a provision in cost of sales for excess and obsolete inventory based primarily on selling prices, indications from customers based upon current price negotiations, and purchase orders. The cost of the inventory is determined primarily on a weighted moving average basis, with a portion valued at standard cost, which approximates actual costs on the first in, first out basis. Our industry is characterized by rapid technological change and frequent new product introductions that could result in an increase in the amount of obsolete inventory quantities on-hand.  In addition, and as necessary, specific reserves for future known or anticipated events may be established.

Estimates of excess and obsolete inventory may prove to be inaccurate, in which case we may have understated or overstated the provision required for excess and obsolete inventory.  Although we make every effort to ensure the accuracy of our forecasts of future product demand, any significant unanticipated changes in demand or technological developments could have a significant impact on the carrying value of inventory and our results of operations.

Intangible Asset Impairments

As of February 28, 2022, intangible assets totaled $101,450. Management makes estimates and assumptions in preparing the consolidated financial statements for which actual results will emerge over long periods of time. These estimates and assumptions are closely monitored by management and periodically adjusted as circumstances warrant. For instance, the expected lives of indefinite-lived intangible assets may be shortened or an impairment recorded based upon a change in the expected use of the asset or performance of the related asset group. At the present time, management intends to continue the development, marketing and selling of products associated with its intangible assets, and there are no known restrictions on the continuation of their use.

In connection with the annual impairment test performed as of the last day of the fourth quarter of Fiscal 2021, the Company determined that one of its trademarks in the Consumer Electronics segment was impaired. The impairment was the result of shortfalls in sales due to reduced demand of the product category.  As a result, an impairment charge of $1,300 was recorded for the year ended February 28, 2021 (see Note 1(k)). Related long-lived assets were tested for recoverability and determined to be recoverable and therefore no additional impairments related to long-lived assets were recorded.

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In connection with the annual impairment test performed as of the last day of the fourth quarter of Fiscal 2020, the Company determined that several of its indefinite-lived trademarks in the Consumer Electronics segment, were impaired. The impairments were the result of the Company being unable to secure product placement into customer stores, anticipated shortfalls in sales due to economic uncertainty as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, reduced demand from a large traditional brick-and-mortar customer, along with continued declines in the German economy.  As a result, several indefinite-lived tradenames in the Consumer Electronics segment were impaired resulting in impairment charges of $2,828 recorded for the year ended February 29, 2020 (see Note 1(k)).  Related long-lived assets were tested for recoverability and determined to be recoverable and therefore no additional impairments related to long-lived assets were recorded in the Consumer Electronics segment.  

In the Biometrics segment, in connection with the annual impairment test for Fiscal 2020, the Company determined that its indefinite-lived trademark was impaired. The impairment of the trademark was the result of lack of customer acceptance of the related technology, lower than anticipated results, adjusted expectations for demand and anticipated delays of product deployment with target customers due to economic uncertainty given the COVID-19 pandemic. Related long-lived assets in the Biometrics segment were tested for recoverability and determined not to be recoverable. The fair value of the long-lived assets that were not recoverable were estimated, and when compared to their carrying value, were determined to also be impaired. As a result, total impairments in the Biometrics segment of $27,402 for indefinite-lived and definite-lived intangible assets were recorded for the year ended February 29, 2020 (see Note 1 (k)).  

The combined impairment charges for both the Consumer Electronics segment and the Biometrics segment aggregated $30,230 for fiscal year ended February 29, 2020.

Approximately 38.2% of our indefinite-lived trademarks ($24,079) are at risk of impairment as of February 28, 2022. When testing indefinite-lived assets for impairment, we have the option to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances leads to a determination that it is more likely than not that the estimated fair value is less than its carrying amount. If we elect to perform a qualitative assessment and determine that an impairment is more likely than not, we are then required to perform the quantitative impairment test; otherwise, no further analysis is required. Under the qualitative assessment, we consider various factors, including macroeconomic conditions, relevant industry and market trends, cost factors, overall financial performance, other entity-specific events, and events affecting the indefinite-lived asset that could indicate a potential change in the fair value of our indefinite-lived assets. We also consider the specific future outlook for the indefinite-lived asset. We may also elect not to perform the qualitative assessment and instead, proceed directly to the quantitative impairment test. The Company uses an income approach, based on the relief from royalty method, to value indefinite-lived trademarks as part of its quantitative impairment test. This impairment test involves the use of accounting estimates and assumptions, changes in which could materially impact our financial condition or operating performance if actual results differ from such estimates and assumptions. The critical assumptions in the discounted cash flow model include revenues, long-term growth rates, royalty rates, and discount rates. Management exercises judgment in developing these assumptions. Certain of these assumptions are based upon industry projections, facts specific to the trademarks and consideration of our long-term view for the trademark and the markets we operate in. If we were to experience sales declines, a significant change in operating margins which may impact estimated royalty rates, an increase in our discount rates, and/or a decrease in our projected long-term growth rates, there would be an increased risk of impairment of these indefinite-lived trademarks.

The cost of other intangible assets with definite lives and long-lived assets are amortized on an accelerated or straight-line basis over their respective lives.  Management has determined that the current lives of these assets are appropriate.  

Long-lived assets and certain identifiable intangibles are reviewed for impairment in accordance with ASC 360 whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of the assets is measured by a comparison of the carrying value of an asset to future undiscounted net cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If the carrying value of these assets are not recoverable on an undiscounted basis, they are then compared to their estimated fair market value. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying value of the assets exceeds the fair value of the assets.

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Voxx’s goodwill totaled $74,320 as of February 28, 2022. Goodwill is tested for impairment as of the last day of each fiscal year at the reporting unit level. When testing goodwill for impairment, we have the option to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances leads to a determination that it is more likely than not that the estimated fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If we elect to perform a qualitative assessment and determine that an impairment is more likely than not, we are then required to perform the quantitative impairment test; otherwise, no further analysis is required. Under the qualitative assessment, we consider various qualitative factors, including macroeconomic conditions, relevant industry and market trends, cost factors, overall financial performance, other entity-specific events, and events affecting the reporting unit that could indicate a potential change in fair value of our reporting unit or the composition of its carrying values. We also consider the specific future outlook for the reporting unit. We also may elect not to perform the qualitative assessment and instead, proceed directly to the quantitative impairment test. Application of the goodwill impairment test requires judgment, including the identification of reporting units, assignment of assets and liabilities to reporting units, assignment of goodwill to reporting units, and estimation of the fair value of each reporting unit.  Based on the Company's goodwill impairment assessment, all the reporting units with goodwill had estimated fair values as of February 28, 2022 that exceeded their carrying values. As a result of the annual assessment, no impairment charges were recorded related to goodwill during Fiscal 2022, Fiscal 2021, or Fiscal 2020.

Goodwill allocated to our Klipsch, Invision, Rosen, VSM, DEI, and Onkyo reporting units was 62.6% ($46,533), 9.9% ($7,372), 1.2% ($880), 0.8% ($572), 2.2% ($1,600), and 23.4% ($17,363), respectively. The fair values of the Klipsch, Invision, DEI, and Onkyo reporting units are greater than their carrying values by approximately 53.4% ($26,126), 76.1% ($7,286), 54.7% ($12,022) and 45.7% ($3,228), respectively, as of February 28, 2022. The quantitative assessment utilizes either an income approach, a market approach, or a combination of these approaches to determine the fair value of its reporting units. These approaches have a degree of uncertainty. The income approach employs a discounted cash flow model to value the reporting unit as part of its impairment test. This impairment test involves the use of accounting estimates and assumptions, changes in which could materially impact our financial condition or operating performance if actual results differ from such estimates and assumptions. The critical assumptions in the discounted cash flow model are revenues, operating margins, working capital and a discount rate (developed using a weighted average cost of capital analysis). Management exercises judgment in developing these assumptions. Certain of these assumptions are based upon industry projections, facts specific to the reporting unit, market participant assumptions and data, and consideration of our long-term view for the reporting unit and the markets we operate in. The market approach employs market multiples from guideline public companies operating in our industry. Estimates of fair value are derived by applying multiples based on revenue and earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization (“EBITDA”) adjusted for size and performance metrics relative to peer companies. If the Klipsch reporting unit were to experience sales declines, sustained pricing pressures, unfavorable operating margins, lack of new product acceptance by consumers, changes in consumer trends and preferred shopping channels, less than anticipated results for the holiday season, a change in the peer group or performance of the peer companies, an increase to the discount rate, and/or a decrease in our projected long-term growth rates used in the discounted cash flow model, there would be an increased risk of goodwill impairment for the Klipsch reporting unit. If the Invision reporting unit experienced an increase to the discount rate, a lack or delay in new product acceptance, cancellation, or reduction in projected volumes from OEM customers, or a change in projected long-term growth rates used in the discounted cash flow model, there would be an increased risk of goodwill impairment for the Invision reporting unit. If the Rosen, VSM, DEI, and Onkyo reporting units experienced an increase to the discount rate, sales declines, changes in consumer trends, or increases in cost factors, there would be an increased risk of goodwill impairment for the Rosen, VSM, and DEI reporting units.

Warranties

We offer warranties of various lengths depending upon the specific product.  Our standard warranties require us to repair or replace defective product returned by both end users and customers during such warranty period at no cost. We do not sell extended warranties. We record an estimate for warranty related costs in cost of sales, based upon historical experience of actual warranty claims and current information on repair costs and contract terms with certain manufacturers. While warranty costs have historically been within expectations and the provisions established, we cannot guarantee that we will continue to experience the same warranty return rates or repair costs that have been experienced in the past. A significant increase in product return rates, or a significant increase in the costs to repair products, could have a material adverse impact on our operating results.

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Income Taxes

We account for income taxes in accordance with the guidance issued under Statement ASC 740, "Income Taxes" (“ASC 740”) with consideration for uncertain tax positions.  We record a valuation allowance to reduce our deferred tax assets to the amount of future tax benefit that is more likely than not to be realized.

Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying values of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. In evaluating our ability to recover our deferred tax assets within the jurisdiction from which they arise, we consider all positive and negative evidence including the results of recent operations, scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, future taxable income, and tax planning strategies. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled (see Note 8). The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities from a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.

The Company accounts for uncertain tax positions in accordance with the authoritative guidance issued under ASC 740, which addresses the determination of whether tax benefits claimed or expected to be claimed on a tax return should be recorded in the financial statements.  The Company may recognize the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities based on the technical merits of the position.  The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such position should be measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than fifty percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement.  The Company provides loss contingencies for federal, state, and international tax matters relating to potential tax examination issues, planning initiatives and compliance responsibilities. The development of these reserves requires judgments about tax issues, potential outcomes, and timing, which if different, may materially impact the Company's financial condition and results of operations. The Company classifies interest and penalties associated with income taxes as a component of Income tax expense (benefit) on the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive (Loss) Income.

Results of Operations

Included in Item 8 of this annual report on Form 10-K are the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of February 28, 2022 and February 28, 2021 and the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive (Loss) Income, Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity and Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended February 28, 2022, February 28, 2021 and February 29, 2020. In order to provide the reader meaningful comparisons, the following analysis provides comparisons of the audited year ended February 28, 2022 with the audited year ended February 28, 2021, and the audited year ended February 28, 2021 with the audited year ended February 29, 2020. We analyze and explain the differences between periods in the specific line items of the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive (Loss) Income.

Year Ended February 28, 2022 Compared to the Years Ended February 28, 2021 and February 29, 2020

Continuing Operations

The tables presented in this section set forth, for the periods indicated, certain Statement of Operations data for the years ended February 28, 2022 ("Fiscal 2022"), February 28, 2021 ("Fiscal 2021") and February 29, 2020 ("Fiscal 2020").

Net Sales

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Fiscal 2022 compared to Fiscal 2021

Automotive Electronics sales, which include both OEM and aftermarket automotive electronics, represented 31.5% of the net sales for the year ended February 28, 2022, compared to 29.1% in the prior year and increased $36,691 for the year ended February 28, 2022 as compared to the prior year. The primary driver of the sales increase in this segment was sales of aftermarket security products related to the Company’s DEI subsidiary, established in connection with the Company’s acquisition in July 2020. These sales increased approximately $18,600 for the year ended February 28, 2022 to a total of approximately $66,700, as a result of twelve full months of sales included for Fiscal 2022 as compared to five months during the comparable Fiscal 2021 year. The Company’s OEM rear seat entertainment sales experienced a net increase of approximately $13,300 during the year ended February 28, 2022, primarily as a result of the start of new rear seat entertainment programs with Stellantis, Ford, and Nissan that were not present in the prior year. This was offset by a decline in sales for one of the Company’s rear-seat entertainment programs that ended during Fiscal 2022, as well as delays resulting from the global chip shortage. Sales of OEM automotive safety electronics also increased approximately $4,900 for the year ended February 28, 2022, as a result of rebounding sales following the COVID-19 shut-downs of automotive manufacturers. In addition, the Company’s aftermarket security products, which include aftermarket remote starts, and aftermarket rear seat entertainment products increased by approximately $1,300 and $1,100, respectively, for the year ended February 28, 2022, due to rebounding sales following the prior year COVID-19 shut-downs, as well as due to current year component shortages that caused some customers to purchase product earlier in order to avoid future stock outages. Finally, sales of aftermarket accessory products increased approximately $1,100 for the year ended February 28, 2022 due to the successful launch of new soundbars for club cars during the second quarter of the fiscal year. As an offset to these increases, the Company experienced a decrease in sales of satellite radio products during the year ended February 28, 2022 of approximately $2,200, as a result of inventory shortages, which have negatively affected the Company’s ability to fulfill orders. Sales of OEM security products also declined approximately $2,000 as a result of chip shortages and the end of one if the Company’s customer remote start programs. Finally, the Company experienced a decline in sales of aftermarket safety products of approximately $1,100 due primarily to low inventories of vehicles in which these products are generally installed.

Consumer Electronics sales represented 68.2% of net sales for the year ended February 28, 2022 as compared to 70.7% in the prior year and increased $35,662 for the year ended February 28, 2022 as compared to the year ended February 28, 2021. The Company’s 11TC subsidiary contributed to an increase in sales of approximately $45,700 for the year ended February 28, 2022 to a total of approximately $59,400. 11TC began selling Onkyo and Pioneer products through distribution agreements during the third quarter of Fiscal 2021 and during the third quarter of Fiscal 2022, the Company completed an acquisition of certain assets of the Onkyo Home Entertainment business with its joint venture partner, resulting in the establishment of the Company’s Onkyo subsidiary. Sales of Onkyo and Pioneer products under the distribution agreements were only present for three months during the prior year period. Within Europe, the Company experienced net increases in its premium audio product and accessories sales of approximately $3,800 as a result of improved online sales, improved export business sales, and better product mix, as well as due to the partial lifting of COVID-19 restrictions during the year ended February 28, 2022, although some restrictions were still noted to be in place during Fiscal 2022. This was offset by sales declines resulting from the absence of trade shows and the loss of certain customer connections due to remaining COVID-19 restrictions that have prevented in-person sales and meetings. The Company also experienced improvements of approximately $1,700 related to wireless accessory speakers during the year ended February 28, 2022, due to the rebound in sales following nationwide COVID-19 brick and mortar business closures and delayed customer orders during the year ended February 28, 2021. Offsetting these increases, the Company experienced declining sales of accessory products, which include hook-up and reception products, totaling approximately $9,600 during the year ended February 28, 2022, as several of these products saw an increase during the comparable prior year period due to the significant number of people working from home during the COVID-19 pandemic. During Fiscal 2022, sales of these products have returned to pre-COVID levels. Additionally, sales of premium wireless speaker products decreased approximately $4,900 during the year ended February 28, 2022 primarily as a result of chip shortages that have caused product backorders, vendor delays, and shipping container and vessel shortages, as well as due to large load in sales of speaker products at warehouse club channels during the year ended February 28, 2021 that did not repeat in the current year. Finally, sales of premium mobility products decreased approximately $2,100 due to many discounted, end of life products sold during Fiscal 2022 in comparison to the prior year when these products were

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newer to the market and selling at higher prices. New lines of mobility products have been delayed as a result of product, vendor, and shipping delays.

Biometrics represented 0.1% of our net sales for both of the years ended February 28, 2022 and February 28, 2021 and sales increased in the segment by $46 for the year ended February 28, 2022 as compared to the prior year. Sales for the year ended February 28, 2022 have increased due to product mix, including sales of the NIXT product, which the Company began selling during the second half of Fiscal 2021. The NIXT product can be optionally fitted with iTEMP, a product that can take an individual’s temperature before allowing iris access. During Fiscal 2022, the Company has also begun selling NIXT, iTemp, and NEXT products under the distribution agreement signed with GalvanEyes LLC in April 2021.

Fiscal 2021 compared to Fiscal 2020

Automotive Electronics sales, which include both OEM and aftermarket automotive electronics, represented 29.1% of the net sales for the year ended February 28, 2021, compared to 28.9% in the prior year. Sales in this segment increased $49,749 for the year ended February 28, 2021, as compared to the prior year. The primary driver of sales increases in this segment was sales of OEM and aftermarket products related to the Company’s VSM and DEI subsidiaries, established in connection with the Company’s acquisitions in the fourth quarter of Fiscal 2020 and the second quarter of Fiscal 2021, respectively. Sales from these two new subsidiaries totaled approximately $71,000 and comprised approximately 43% of the segment’s sales for the year ended February 28, 2021. In the prior year, the Company’s VSM subsidiary contributed approximately $2,300 of sales to the Automotive Electronics segment. The Company also saw an increase in sales of its aftermarket security and remote start products of approximately $3,600 during the year ended February 28, 2021, partly due to a boost in demand following business re-openings after the COVID-19 shut-downs, as purchases could not be made by customers during the shutdowns. Offsetting these increases, the segment experienced sales declines in certain product lines during the year ended February 28, 2021 related to the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as certain other factors. The Company experienced a net decrease in sales of OEM rear seat entertainment products totaling approximately $10,300 due to several automotive manufacturing plant shut-downs beginning in March 2020 as a result of COVID-19, including Ford, GM, FCA, and Subaru. Many plants began to gradually re-open during the second quarter of our fiscal year, and while some of the programs have begun to ramp up production again, others have yet to return to pre-COVID levels, thus negatively impacting sales for the year. Additionally, OEM rear seat entertainment sales were negatively impacted during the year ended February 28, 2021 by the cancellation of a program with one of the Company’s larger customers that had been in production during the prior year.  This was partially offset by the successful launch of a new program with a customer in October 2020. The Company’s OEM remote start sales decreased approximately $6,200 during the year ended February 28, 2021 as a result of an increase in the use of Tier 1 factory installed remote start products by many automotive manufacturers (which the Company does not sell) over accessory level remote starts. This has negatively impacted the Company’s sales to certain of its OEM remote start customers. Sales of aftermarket rear seat entertainment products also decreased during the year ended February 28, 2021 by approximately $2,700 due to the COVID-19 related shutdowns of car dealerships and other brick and mortar businesses during the first quarter of the year, followed by stock-outages of several products, which continued to negatively impact sales through the remainder of the fiscal year. Finally, satellite radio fulfillment sales decreased approximately $900 during the year ended February 28, 2021 both as a result of business shut-downs during COVID-19, as well as due to the fact that most new vehicles include this product as a standard option.

Consumer Electronics sales represented 70.7% of net sales for the year ended February 28, 2021 as compared to 70.8% in the prior year.  Sales increased $118,588 for the year ended February 28, 2021 as compared to the prior year due primarily to the positive sales and promotion of several of the Company’s premium audio products. During Fiscal 2021, the Company experienced greater consumer demand and achieved market share growth in its premium home theater, subwoofer, and premium wireless categories, launching a new premium wireless computer speaker system and selling many of its products through warehouse club channels, as well as through online platforms, which resulted in an increase of approximately $118,400 in sales for the year ended February 28, 2021. The Company’s newly formed subsidiary, 11 Trading Company LLC, also began selling Onkyo and Pioneer products through new distribution agreements during the third quarter of the fiscal year, contributing to an increase of approximately $13,700 in sales for the year ended February 28, 2021. Within Europe, the Company experienced stronger online sales during year ended February 28, 2021 of approximately $6,300 due to many consumers shopping from home during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as an increase in sales in its Do It Yourself (“DIY”) line of products, a new sales channel of discount retailers, and a shift in focus of premium audio products in Europe

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from low margin to traditional home theater products. Offsetting these sales increases were decreases in sales related to the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as other factors. The Company experienced decreases in sales of approximately $12,200 in certain consumer electronic and accessory products for the year ended February 28, 2021, such as reception products, remotes, wireless speakers, and other power products, primarily due to nationwide brick and mortar business closures and delayed customer orders related to the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as due to the Company’s continuing rationalization of SKUs for certain of these products, with the goal of limiting sales of lower margin products. There was also a decrease in sales of the Company’s premium commercial speaker products of approximately $3,100 due to the shut-down of cinemas during the pandemic. Additionally, the Company experienced a decrease in sales of its motion products during the year ended February 28, 2021 of approximately $2,700, as one of the Company’s healthcare programs ended during the fiscal year, and there was a decrease in sales of smart home security products of approximately $800, as the Company began exiting this category during Fiscal 2020. Finally, product sales in the Company’s rest of world locations declined approximately $700 as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic due to overseas lockdowns and customer order delays and cancellations.

Biometrics represented 0.1% of our net sales for both of the years ended February 28, 2021 and February 29, 2020 and sales increased in the segment by $375 for the year ended February 28, 2021 as compared to the prior year. This segment experienced an increase in product sales for the year ended February 28, 2021 due to increased sales of its EXT outdoor perimeter access product, and the updated version of its Nano NXT perimeter access product, both of which launched in the second quarter of Fiscal 2020. Additionally, the Company began selling its NIXT product during the year ended February 28, 2021, which can be optionally fitted with iTEMP, a product that can take an individual’s temperature before allowing iris access.

Gross Profit and Gross Margin Percentage

Fiscal 2022 compared to Fiscal 2021

Gross margins in the Automotive Electronics segment decreased 40 basis points for the year ended February 28, 2022. The increased cost of materials and shipping, as well as increases in tariffs included in cost of goods sold, have negatively affected margins during the year ended February 28, 2022 for such items as OEM rear seat entertainment, OEM and aftermarket automotive safety products, and aftermarket accessory products, which the Company has been actively working to mitigate through a combination of sales price adjustments and other sourcing strategies, as such supply chain issues are expected to continue into Fiscal 2023. Additionally, certain new OEM rear seat entertainment products that began selling during the year ended February 28, 2022, and that have positively contributed to sales during the year, have generated lower margins than are normally achieved in this segment. Offsetting these negative margin impacts, sales of aftermarket security products related to the Company’s DEI subsidiary, whose products have higher profit margins than those typically achieved by the segment, have contributed positively to margins during the year ended February 28, 2022. Sales from DEI were present in the prior year period for only five months, as it was established in July 2020, and therefore these sales increased significantly for the year ended February 28, 2022 as compared the prior year. The decrease in sales of satellite radio products for the year ended February 28, 2022, which typically generate lower margins for the Company, also contributed positively to margins overall.

Gross margins in the Consumer Electronics segment decreased 180 basis points for the year ended February 28, 2022 compared to the prior year. The primary driver of the decline during the year ended February 28, 2022 has

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been significant increases to container costs and surcharges affecting cost of sales for many of the products within the segment, which the Company is actively working to mitigate through pricing adjustments and other sourcing strategies, as such supply chain issues are expected to continue into Fiscal 2023. Offsetting these negative margin impacts, sales from the Company’s 11 Trading Company subsidiary positively impacted margins for the year, as these sales were present for only three months of the prior year comparable period and have therefore increased significantly for the year ended February 28, 2022. In addition, the Company saw declines in sales of certain of its premium speaker products sold through warehouse club channels during the year ended February 29, 2022. As these products have been sold at lower margins than those typically associated with the Company’s premium audio products, the decline in sales have contributed positively to the segment’s margins for the year ended February 28, 2022.

Gross margins in the Biometrics segment improved for the year ended February 28, 2022 compared to the prior year. During the year ended February 28, 2021, the Company reduced pricing on many products, which helped generate sales in the prior year, but resulted in lower margins for the segment. Additionally, the Company incurred more tooling and effective repair costs during the year ended February 28, 2021 as compared to the current year, as well as incurred inventory obsolescence charges for certain products, which contributed negatively to margins in the prior year.

Fiscal 2021 compared to Fiscal 2020

Gross margins in the Automotive Electronics segment increased 370 basis points for the year ended February 28, 2021. The primary driver of the margin increases in this segment has been sales of OEM and aftermarket products related to the Company’s VSM and DEI subsidiaries, whose products have higher profit margins than those typically achieved by the segment. DEI’s sales were not present in the prior year, and VSM contributed to sales for one month of Fiscal 2020, or 2% of the segment’s sales. The increase in sales of higher margin aftermarket remote start and security products also contributed positively to the segment’s margins during the year ended February 28, 2021. Offsetting these positive impacts, the decline in sales of higher margin OEM security and remote start products during the year ended February 28, 2021, due to the shift in demand from accessory level remote starts to production level, factory installed remote starts, caused a decline in margins. In addition, there was a decline in aftermarket headrest sales during the year ended February 28, 2021, which typically generate higher margins for the segment and thus had a negative impact on margins for the year.

Gross margins in the Consumer Electronics segment decreased 120 basis points for the year ended February 28, 2021 compared to the prior year. Margin declines during the year ended February 28, 2021 were primarily driven by the Company’s newest line of premium wireless computer speakers, as well as other premium audio products sold through warehouse club channels, which have contributed positively to sales, but have been sold at lower margins than those typically associated with the Company’s premium wireless speaker products. The Company’s premium headphone margins also negatively impacted the segment’s overall margins during the year ended February 28, 2021 due to close out sales of certain older products in preparation for the launch of its newest line of wireless earbuds, which contributed to an increase in sales of these product, but a decline in the margins. Additionally, although sales in Europe have increased during the year ended February 28, 2021, the increase in sales generated from a new sales channel of discount retail customers has generated lower margins and has had a negative impact on the year. As an offset to these negative impacts, the segment has experienced margin increases during the year ended February 28, 2021 due to factors including a shift in focus of premium audio products in Europe from low margin to traditional home theater products. Additionally, while the Company experienced decreases in sales of certain product lines during the year ended February 28, 2021, such as reception products and remotes, the margins earned on these products improved as compared to the prior year due to the movement of production out of China.

Gross margins in the Biometrics segment improved for the year ended February 28, 2021 compared to the prior year. The increase in margins for the year ended February 28, 2021 was primarily a result of prior year events that negatively impacted the segment’s margins in Fiscal 2020. Certain tooling and defective repair costs incurred during the year ended February 29, 2020, as well as the provision of beta samples to certain customers at no cost during the prior year, negatively impacted Fiscal 2020 margins. A large sale made at a loss during the year ended February 29, 2020 also caused lower margins in the prior year. During the year ended February 28, 2021, the Company provided more onsite and remote support to customers, which generates higher margins for the segment. Offsetting these positive margin impacts for the year ended February 28, 2021 has been the reduction in pricing on certain products, which has helped to drive higher sales in Fiscal 2021 but has resulted in lower margins for the segment. In addition,

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the release of inventory reserves in the prior year had a positive impact on the segment’s gross margin in Fiscal 2020, thus negatively impacting the current year margin comparisons.

Operating Expenses

Fiscal 2022 compared to Fiscal 2021

The Company experienced an overall increase in operating expenses of $25,486 for Fiscal 2022 as compared to Fiscal 2021.

For the year ended February 28, 2022, selling expenses increased $6,721. This increase was primarily attributable to higher salary expenses during the year ended February 28, 2022, as compared to the prior year. Salary and related payroll expenses increased approximately $4,000 due primarily to the additional headcount created by the September 2021 and July 2020 acquisitions resulting in the establishment of the Company’s Onkyo and DEI subsidiaries, respectively, as well as new hires related to the 11 Trading Company and Australia PAC subsidiaries established in the second quarter of Fiscal 2021 and first quarter of Fiscal 2022, respectively. Salary expense also increased as a result of the absence of COVID-19 related furloughs that were present in the comparable prior year. Advertising expenses and web fees increased approximately $1,600 for the year ended February 28, 2022, due to increased advertising, promotions, and social media presence in response to higher online traffic and sales, the lifting of COVID-19 related cost cutting measures, as well as due to the increased price of web advertising compared to the prior year. Credit card fees increased approximately $700 during the year ended February 28, 2022, due primarily to sales generated by the Company’s new DEI subsidiary, as its telematic subscription sales are paid by customers through credit card transactions. Additionally, a larger number of customers have gradually begun using credit cards to pay for orders than in prior periods across the entire Company. The Company also saw an increase in commission expense of approximately $500, as a result of the increase in the Company’s sales for the year ended February 28, 2022 as compared to prior year. Finally, the Company experienced an increase in travel expenses for the year ended February 28, 2022 of approximately $500 due to the lifting of some of the Company’s COVID-19 related restrictions which have allowed salesmen to begin traveling to customer sites again. Offsetting these increases in selling expenses for the year ended February 28, 2022 was a decrease in trade show expenses of approximately $500, as some trade shows have continued to be either cancelled or held virtually due to the COVID-19 pandemic and only began to return to in person attendance during the second half of Fiscal 2022, where the Company had lower spending and smaller booths for the first year post-COVID.

General and administrative expenses increased $6,157 during the year ended February 28, 2022, as compared to the prior year period. Professional fees increased approximately $3,100 for the year ended February 28, 2022 due to increased litigation fees related primarily to an arbitration case, as well as consulting fees related to the EyeLock distribution agreement with GalvanEyes LLC, and legal and professional fees related to the Company’s newest 11 Trading Company and Australia PAC subsidiaries established in the second quarter of Fiscal 2021 and the first quarter of Fiscal 2022, respectively. Professional fees were also higher during the year ended February 28, 2022, due to the lifting of many COVID-19 related restrictions, as both the Company and many of its professional service providers had temporary office closures during the year ended February 28, 2021, or provided fee concessions as a result of the pandemic that did not repeat in the current year. Office and occupancy expenses increased approximately $1,700 in total for the year ended February 28, 2022, due to costs related to the Company’s new Onkyo subsidiary resulting from the September 2021 acquisition and a full year of DEI expenses resulting from the July 2020 acquisition. The Company has also returned to normal operations after the lifting of COVID-19 related restrictions, with all of the Company’s locations open and operating, resulting in further increases to office and

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occupancy costs. Depreciation and amortization expense also increased approximately $1,400 due to additional expense related to the Company’s Onkyo subsidiary and a full year of expense related to DEI. Additionally, bad debt expense increased approximately $500 for the year ended February 28, 2022 due primarily to the prior year recovery of a receivable balance that did not recur in the current year. Finally, insurance expense, as well as fees related to taxes and licensing both increased approximately $200 each during the year ended February 28, 2022 due to the establishment of Company’s Onkyo subsidiary in September 2021, as well as the DEI, 11 Trading Company, and PAC Australia subsidiaries, and additional licenses obtained and higher insurance premiums incurred related to cyber security. As an offset to these increases in general and administrative expense, the Company experienced a decrease in salary and related payroll expenses of approximately $1,200 during the year ended February 28, 2022, due primarily to lower bonus accruals as compared to the prior year based on Company profitability.  

Engineering and technical support expenses increased $10,643 for the year ended February 28, 2022, as compared to the prior year period. The Company experienced an increase in direct labor and related payroll tax expense of approximately $6,400 for the year ended February 28, 2022, as a result of additional headcount created by the July 2020 and September 2021 acquisitions resulting in the establishment of the Company’s DEI and Onkyo subsidiaries, respectively, as well as due to higher reimbursement of engineering labor expense in the prior year, and the absence of Company-wide furloughs that were in place during the year ended February 28, 2021. The Company also experienced a net increase in research and development expense of approximately $4,200 for the year ended February 28, 2022, primarily as a result of the Company’s product development projects related to its new Onkyo subsidiary in the Consumer Electronics segment, and within the Automotive Electronics segment related to projects for Stellantis and Ford, as well as due to additional headcount within the Biometrics segment. This was offset by decreases related to certain Consumer Electronics projects in development during the prior year that have been completed.

Acquisition costs increased $3,265 for the year ended February 28, 2022, as compared to the prior year. During the year ended February 28, 2022, acquisition costs incurred were related to consulting and due diligence fees for the asset purchase agreement signed with Onkyo Home Entertainment Corporation and the joint venture created with Sharp Corporation to complete the transaction. This transaction was completed on September 8, 2021. In the prior year, acquisition costs incurred were related to the Company’s VSHC and DEI acquisitions, completed in January 2020 and July 2020, respectively.

In connection with its annual impairment test performed as of the last day of the fourth quarter of Fiscal 2021, the Company determined that one of its trademarks in the Consumer Electronics segment was impaired. The impairment was the result of shortfalls in sales due to reduced demand of the product category.  As a result, an impairment charge of $1,300 was recorded for the year ended February 28, 2021.

Fiscal 2021 compared to Fiscal 2020

The Company experienced an overall decrease in operating expenses of $24,011 for Fiscal 2021 as compared to Fiscal 2020; however, in the absence of intangible asset impairment charges in both years, operating expenses would have increased by $4,919.

Selling expenses have increased $4,467 for the year ended February 28, 2021.  This increase was primarily due to increased commission expense of approximately $4,600 as a result of higher sales for the fiscal year. A net increase in salary expense of approximately $1,200 was due to the additional headcount created by acquisitions resulting in the establishment of the VSM and DEI subsidiaries in the fourth quarter of Fiscal 2020 and the second quarter of Fiscal 2021, respectively, as well as additional hires related to the Company’s new 11 Trading Company subsidiary related to distribution agreements for Onkyo and Pioneer products. This was slightly offset by the furlough of certain employees during the fiscal year due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Web advertising and platform expenses increased approximately $1,800 for the year ended February 28, 2021 due to an increase in online traffic, with many consumers working and shopping from home during the mandatory quarantines and business shutdowns throughout the country as a result of the pandemic. Additionally, credit card fees increased approximately $600 primarily as a result of the Company’s DEI subsidiary, established in connection with the Company’s acquisition in the second quarter of Fiscal 2021, whose subscription sales are transacted online. Offsetting these increases in selling expenses for the year ended February 28, 2021 were decreases due to factors directly related to the COVID-19 pandemic, which resulted in the temporary shut-down of many brick and mortar stores and mandatory quarantine orders during the first quarter of our Fiscal 2021 year, with phased re-openings taking place beginning in the second quarter through the remainder of our fiscal year. The elimination of all non-essential travel Company-wide resulted in a

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decrease in travel and entertainment expenses of approximately $1,700. Additionally, trade show expenses decreased approximately $1,800 as all events were either cancelled or held virtually due to COVID-19.

General and administrative expenses increased $925 during the year ended February 28, 2021. Increases in general and administrative expenses were due in part to a net increase in salary expense of approximately $3,300 during the fiscal year. Salary increases were due to higher bonus accruals as a result of the positive performance of the Company for the year ended February 28, 2021, as well as due to increased headcount resulting from the Company’s new DEI and VSM subsidiaries established in the fourth quarter of Fiscal 2020 and the second quarter of Fiscal 2021, respectively. This was offset by the furlough of certain employees during the year ended February 28, 2021, as well as due to the prior year grant of 200,000 fully vested shares of Class A Common Stock to the Company’s Chief Executive Officer in accordance with his employment agreement, which resulted in compensation expense of approximately $800 for the year ended February 29, 2020 that did not repeat in the current fiscal year. Professional fees also increased by approximately $1,000 as a result of certain professional services provided in connection with the establishment of the Company’s new DEI and VSM subsidiaries, and insurance expense increased approximately $400 as a result of the deductible related to an IT security incident in the second quarter of the fiscal year, as well as due to the Company’s new VSM, DEI, and 11 Trading Company LLC subsidiaries. As an offset to these general and administrative expense increases were decreases related to the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as other factors. Depreciation and amortization expense decreased approximately $1,300, net, for the year ended February 28, 2021 as a result of the impairment of certain definite-lived intangible assets at EyeLock in Fiscal 2020, which reduced the amortizable base of these assets. This was offset by increases in depreciation and amortization expense related to newly acquired tangible and intangible assets within the VSM and DEI subsidiaries. Bad debt expense decreased approximately $1,100 as a result of the prior year reserves of certain customers who filed bankruptcy, which did not repeat in the current year, as well as due to the recovery of certain balances during the year ended February 28, 2021 that were previously written off. The elimination of all non-essential travel as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in travel and entertainment expense decreases of approximately $900 for the year ended February 28, 2021. Additionally, office and occupancy expenses decreased approximately $700 due to lower overhead, as certain of the Company’s offices were shut down during the first and second quarters of the fiscal year due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and many re-opened offices have remained at a reduced capacity through the remainder of the fiscal year.

Engineering and technical support expenses for the year ended February 28, 2021 declined $705 as compared to the prior year. For the year ended February 28, 2021, furloughs and headcount reductions at many of the Company’s locations related to the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in lower labor expenses of approximately $3,000. The elimination of all non-essential travel as a result of the pandemic also resulted in travel and entertainment expense decreases of approximately $500. These decreases were offset by increases in labor of approximately $2,600 as a result of the Company’s new VSM and DEI subsidiaries established in connection with the Company’s acquisitions in the fourth quarter of Fiscal 2020 and second quarter of Fiscal 2021, respectively.

Acquisition costs were $287 for the year ended February 28, 2021, as compared to $55 for the year ended February 29, 2020. During the year ended February 28, 2021, acquisition costs incurred were related to legal and consulting fees related to the Company’s DEI acquisition, completed in July 2020, as well as fees related to the VSHC acquisition that was completed in January 2020. For the year ended February 29, 2020, acquisition costs were related solely to the Company’s January 2020 VSHC acquisition.

In connection with its annual impairment test performed as of the last day of the fourth quarter of Fiscal 2021, the Company determined that one of its trademarks in the Consumer Electronics segment was impaired. The impairment was the result of shortfalls in sales due to reduced demand of the product category.  As a result, an impairment charge of $1,300 was recorded for the year ended February 28, 2021.

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In connection with its annual impairment test performed as of the last day of the fourth quarter of Fiscal 2020, the Company determined that several of its indefinite-lived intangible assets within the Consumer Electronics segment, as well as certain indefinite-lived and definite-lived intangible assets within the Biometrics segment were impaired. The impairments within the Consumer Electronics segment were the result of the Company being unable to secure product placement into customer stores, anticipated shortfalls in sales due to economic uncertainty as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, reduced demand from a large traditional brick-and-mortar customer, along with continued declines in the German economy. The impairments within the Biometrics segment were the result of lack of customer acceptance of the related technology, lower than anticipated results, adjusted expectations for demand, and anticipated delays of product deployment with target customers due to economic uncertainty related to the COVID-19 pandemic. The Company recorded total impairment charges of $30,230 for the year ended February 29, 2020 related to these impairments.

Other (Expense)Income

Fiscal 2022 compared to Fiscal 2021

Interest and bank charges represent interest expense and fees related to the Company's bank obligations, supply chain financing and factoring agreements, interest related to finance leases, and amortization of debt issuance costs. During the first quarter of Fiscal 2021, the Company made a precautionary borrowing from the Credit Facility of $20,000 related to COVID-19 pandemic concerns. This balance was repaid during the third quarter of Fiscal 2021 and there has been no balance outstanding during the year ended February 28, 2022. This resulted in a decrease in interest expense related to the Credit Facility of $326 for the year ended February 28, 2022 as compared to the prior year. In addition, interest expense was lower during the year ended February 28, 2022 due to the amendment of the Company’s Credit Facility in April 2021, which resulted in a decrease in amortization of debt issuance costs of $298 for the year ended February 28, 2022 as compared to the prior year. As an offset to these decreases in interest expense, the Company’s new Onkyo subsidiary entered into a shareholder loan payable to the Company’s joint venture partner, Sharp, during the third quarter of Fiscal 2022, for which interest expense was incurred during the year ended February 28, 2022 that was not present in the prior year.

Equity in income of equity investee represents the Company's share of income from its 50% non-controlling ownership interest in ASA Electronics LLC and Subsidiaries ("ASA"). The increase in income for the year ended February 28, 2022 is due to an increase in ASA net income resulting from improved sales across all of its markets due primarily to the lifting of COVID-19 restrictions on customers and end consumers and an increase in demand for product, offset by an increase in both ocean and air freight costs.

For the year ended February 28, 2022, the Company has recorded a charge of $39,444 related to an unfavorable interim arbitration settlement award relating to a breach of contract claim brought against the Company by Seaguard Electronics LLC for a contractual arrangement entered in 2007 for the purchase of products and back-end services. The Company is reviewing its legal options and has moved in the arbitration proceeding to modify the interim award.

During the year ended February 28, 2021, a final pay-out of $42 was received representing proceeds from the Fiscal 2018 sale of the Company’s investment in a non-controlled corporation, consisting of shares of the investee’s preferred stock, as a portion of the proceeds had been held back at the time of sale. The payment was recorded as an investment gain for the year ended February 28, 2021.

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Other, net includes net foreign currency gains or losses, interest income, rental income, and other miscellaneous income and expense. Other, net decreased for the year ended February 28, 2022. During the year ended February 28, 2021, the Company received proceeds from a life insurance policy in the amount of $420 related to an executive who passed away during the first quarter of Fiscal 2021, which was not present in Fiscal 2022.

Fiscal 2021 compared to Fiscal 2020

Interest and bank charges represent expenses for the Company's bank obligations and supply chain financing arrangements, interest related to finance leases, and amortization of deferred financing costs. Interest and bank charges were relatively flat comparing the year ended February 28, 2021 to the prior year. During the second half of Fiscal 2020, the Company repaid the entire outstanding balance of its asset-based lending facility in Germany, thus eliminating the interest expense related to this obligation for the year ended February 28, 2021, which was offset by interest paid on the $20,000 precautionary borrowing from the Company’s Credit Facility in Fiscal 2021, which was outstanding from April 2020 through November 2020.

Equity in income of equity investee represents the Company's share of income from its 50% non-controlling ownership interest in ASA Electronics, LLC ("ASA"). The increase in income for the year ended February 28, 2021 is due to an increase in ASA’s gross profit, lower overhead, and growth in the RV and marine markets.

On September 30, 2019, the Company, through its subsidiary Voxx German Holdings Gmbh (the “Seller”), sold its real property in Pulheim, Germany to CLM S.A. RL (the “Purchaser”) for €10,920. Net proceeds received from the transaction were approximately $9,500 after transactional costs and repayment of the outstanding mortgage. Concurrently with the sale, the Seller entered into an operating lease arrangement with the Purchaser for a small portion of the real property to continue to operate its sales office in Germany. The transaction qualified for sale leaseback accounting in accordance with ASC 842 and the Company recognized a gain on the execution of the sale transaction for the year ended February 29, 2020.

During Fiscal 2018, the Company sold its investment in RxNetworks, a non-controlled corporation, consisting of shares of the investee’s preferred stock. Voxx recognized a gain during Fiscal 2018 for the sale of this investment; however, a portion of the cash proceeds were subject to a hold-back provision, which was not included in the gain recognized in Fiscal 2018. During the second quarter of Fiscal 2020, the hold-back provision expired, and the Company received additional proceeds from the sale, recording an investment gain of $775 for the year ended February 29, 2020. A final payout of $42 received in November 2020 was recorded as an investment gain for the year ended February 28, 2021. During the fourth quarter of Fiscal 2019, all of the outstanding common stock of Fathom Systems Inc., a non-controlled corporation in which Voxx was invested, was repurchased by the investee for a price per share significantly below the value when issued. This resulted in a loss on Voxx's investment in Fathom of $530 for the year ended February 28, 2019.

Other, net includes net foreign currency gains or losses, interest income, rental income, and other miscellaneous income and expense. Other, net decreased for the year ended February 28, 2021. During the year ended February 28, 2021, interest income decreased $835 primarily as a result of lower interest rates applicable to the Company’s short term money market investments and lower cash balances available for investment during the year. Additionally, the Company had foreign currency losses of $(862) for the year ended February 28, 2021, as compared to foreign currency gains of $405 for the year ended February 29, 2020.

Income Tax Provision

On March 27, 2020, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”) was enacted in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.  Under ASC 740, the effects of changes in tax rates and laws are recognized in the period in which the new legislation is enacted.  The CARES Act made various tax law changes including among other things (i) increased the limitation under IRC Section 163(j) for 2019 and 2020 to permit additional expensing of interest; (ii) enacted technical correction so that qualified improvement property can be immediately expensed under IRC Section 168(k) (iii) made modifications to the federal net operating loss rules including permitting federal net operating losses incurred in 2018, 2019, and 2020 to be carried back to the five preceding taxable years in order to generate a refund of previously paid income taxes, and (iv) enhanced recoverability of alternative minimum credit carryforwards.  The CARES Act did not have a material impact on the income tax provision.

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During Fiscal 2022, the Company recorded an income tax provision of $1,626 related to federal, state, and foreign taxes. The Company's effective tax rate of (6.3)% differs from the statutory rate of 21% primarily related to (i) an increase in valuation allowance as the Company could not conclude that all of its US deferred tax assets were realizable on a more-likely-than-not basis; (ii) permanent differences, including the non-controlling interest and a global intangible low tax income (“GILTI”) inclusion; and (iii) state and local taxes.  As of February 28, 2022, the Company continued to maintain a valuation allowance against certain U.S. and foreign deferred tax assets as the Company could not conclude that such assets will be realized on a more-likely-than-not basis. Any decline in the valuation allowance could have a favorable impact on our income tax provision and net income in the period in which such determination is made.

During Fiscal 2021, the Company recorded an income tax provision of $4,272 related to federal, state, and foreign taxes. The effective tax rate of 15.5% in Fiscal 2021 differs from the statutory rate of 21% primarily related to (i) partial release of its valuation allowance as a result of recent profitability for which certain of the Company’s deferred tax assets became realizable on a more-likely-than-not basis; (ii) permanent differences, including the non-controlling interest and a global intangible low tax income (“GILTI”) inclusion; (iii) foreign derived intangible income deduction; and (iv) state and local taxes.  As of February 28, 2021, the Company continued to maintain a valuation allowance against certain U.S. and foreign deferred tax assets as the Company could not conclude that such assets will be realized on a more-likely-than-not basis. Any decline in the valuation allowance could have a favorable impact on our income tax provision and net income in the period in which such determination is made.

During Fiscal 2020, the Company recorded an income tax provision of $882 related to federal, state and foreign taxes. The effective tax rate of (2.2)% in Fiscal 2020 differs from the statutory rate of 21% primarily related to (i) current year losses for which limited tax benefit was provided; (ii) permanent differences, including the non-controlling interest and a global intangible low tax income (“GILTI”) inclusion; and (iii) an increase in the valuation allowance recorded against foreign deferred tax assets. During Fiscal 2020, the Company maintained a partial and full valuation allowance against certain U.S. and foreign deferred tax assets as the Company could not conclude that such assets will be realized on a more-likely-than-not basis. Any decline in the valuation allowance could have a favorable impact on our income tax provision and net income in the period in which such determination is made.

EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA

EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA are not financial measures recognized by GAAP. EBITDA represents net (loss) income, computed in accordance with GAAP, before interest expense and bank charges, taxes, and depreciation and amortization. Adjusted EBITDA represents EBITDA adjusted for stock-based compensation expense, life insurance proceeds, certain non-recurring legal and professional fees, settlements and awards, non-recurring gains, acquisition costs, and impairment charges. Depreciation, amortization, stock-based compensation, and impairment charges are non-cash items.

We present EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA in this Form 10-K because we consider them to be useful and appropriate supplemental measures of our performance. Adjusted EBITDA helps us to evaluate our performance without the effects of certain GAAP calculations that may not have a direct cash impact on our current operating performance. In addition, the exclusion of certain costs or gains relating to certain events that occurred during the periods presented allows for a more meaningful comparison of our results from period-to-period. These non-GAAP measures, as we define them, are not necessarily comparable to similarly entitled measures of other companies and may not be an appropriate measure for performance relative to other companies. EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA should not be assessed in isolation from, are not intended to represent, and should not be considered to be more meaningful measures than, or alternatives to, measures of operating performance as determined in accordance with GAAP.

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Reconciliation of GAAP Net (Loss) Income Attributable to VOXX International Corporation to EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA